Reviews literature on hemispheric specialization. Argues that foundations of hemispheric specialization are present very early in life and that children's greater ability to recover functions following brain injury suggests developmental changes in brain organization. (CMG)

Discusses an alternative approach to intelligence tests as a measure of intelligence. The approach is based on three classes of performance dealing with a person's choice of an internal representation for a problem, strategies for manipulating the representation, and abilities to execute elementary information processing steps required by the…

Seeks to establish that contextual factors informed by certain postulated cultural experiences can influence cognitive performance of African-American children. Designs models to explain fundamental link between culture and cognition. Argues that much school failure exhibited by African-American children can be explained in terms of cultural…

This report examines the learning styles of Caucasian and African-American students. While research supports the claim that low academic achievement is prevalent in the minority community, there is no consensus regarding the causes. There are two schools of thought that involve (1) the cognitive deficit or genetic cause, and (2) the cultural…

Reviews themes of a 1979 conference held at the University of Michigan. Papers presented dealt with mental structures involved in the comprehension and production of music, and covered individual differences, development in children, and cultural variations. (Author/GC)

In experimental time estimation research, it has consistently been found that the more a person is engaged in some kind of demanding cognitive activity within a given period of time, the more experienced duration of this time interval decreases. However, the role of individual differences has been largely ignored in this field of research. In a…

The reading of a literary work can give rise to five different kinds of literary knowing: (1) knowing about self; (2) knowing about others; (3) knowing about texts; (4) knowing about contexts; and (5) knowing about processes of making meaning. A literary work can prompt a reader to reflect upon aspects of his or her own life. Concentrating upon…

Presents results of a diagnostic analysis of mathematics and science achievement data for Black students collected by the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Identifies the taxonomic level (knowledge, skills, comprehension, application, and analysis) and content area of exercises on which Black students perform below the national average.…

Describes components contributing to memory development, including: (1) capacity or processing allocation features of the information processing system; (2) strategies or control processes for problem solving; and (3) knowledge or semantic features acquired through experiences. Empirical evidence is reviewed supporting the psychological reality of…

Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence was used to create augmented exams in Advanced Placement Psychology and Statistics. Participants included 1895 high school students from 19 states and 56 schools throughout the U.S. The psychometric results support the validity of creating examinations that assess memory, analytical, creative, and…

It has been hypothesized that the use of techniques to enhance motor skill acquisition and retention in the elderly may retard the onset of retirement, result in the continuation of a productive professional career, allow continued participation in recreational activities, and possibly slow the decline in physiological functions that normally…

Discusses the potential value of feminist poststructuralism to feminist psychologists seeking more satisfactory ways of theorizing gender and subjectivity. Explores the following concepts related to this theoretical perspective: (1) approaches to knowledge; (2) language; (3) discourse; (4) subjectivity; and (5) experience as text. Presents an…

Cross-national stability in private speech (PS) and short-term memory was investigated in Saudi Arabian (n=63) and British (n=58) 4- to 8-year-olds. Assumed differences in child-adult interaction between the 2 nationality groups led to predictions of Gender ? Nationality interactions in the development of verbal mediation. British boys used more…

Introduces the topic of feminist psychology. Reviews relevant literature regarding bias against women in past research, and discusses each article in the issue. Identifies the common issue of all articles as epistemology: what we can know, how we know, and how the knowledge we have relates to who we are. (JS)

Outlines a conceptual framework, the Reflective Judgement model, which describes predictable differences in the intellectual development of college students. Validation attempts are discussed, and applications leading to sound counseling and educational interventions are suggested. The model is illustrated with an example of a classroom assignment…