Summarizes recent research which attempted to discover what children of different ages know about the appearance-reality distinction and related phenomena. Findings show that what helps children grasp the distinction is an increased cognizance of the fact that people are sentient subjects who have mental representations of objects and events. (PS)

The term, "schema," used largely as a descriptive convenience rather than a theoretical guidepost in social psychology is examined through an analysis of its development, function, and structure. This paper articulates a model of schema development in adults by defining a schema as a representation of some stimulus domain and a set of…

Describes William G. Perry, Jr.'s stages of student development (dualism, multiplicity, relativism, and commitment within relativism), examining their possible applications to undergraduate music education majors and implications for research. Concludes that the model provides a "philosophical map" of student changes and encourages…