Presents model for incorporating cultural diversity in organizations, based on 3 X 3 X 3 matrix, which analyzes organization's functional focus (recruitment, retention, promotion), barriers (differences, discrimination, systemic factors), and cross-cultural competencies (beliefs/attitudes, knowledge, skills). Although originally developed for…

Presents Afrocentric model, an approach to identify problems and develop strategies to enhance the sense of belonging, identity, and control in African-American females. Describes three areas of experience (sense of belonging, identity, and control) and demonstrates application of model by discussing preliminary study of African-American females.…

Notes that, although use of counseling techniques indigenous to client's ancestral culture have been proposed as alternatives to psychotherapy, no schema exists to help counselors select appropriate helping role. Describes schema based on variables of locus of problem etiology, level of acculturation, and goals of counseling. Discusses limitations…

Seeks to establish that contextual factors informed by certain postulated cultural experiences can influence cognitive performance of African-American children. Designs models to explain fundamental link between culture and cognition. Argues that much school failure exhibited by African-American children can be explained in terms of cultural…

Examines cross-cultural counseling (especially Western counselor-Eastern client) within a transpersonal psychological framework. Presents meta-model that allows counselors to adopt attitudes that transcend cultural differences. Notes that benefit of such a model to counselors would be superordinate framework in which various, specific counseling…

Proposes extension of Janet Helms' African-American and white interaction model to be used as starting point for organizing and understanding cultural-identity data in making initial family assessment. Reviews Helms model and other pertinent constructs from literature, extends theory to multicultural family counseling, and concludes with some…

The author discusses the cultural deprivation of most White, male managers and presents model corporate programs used by Procter and Gamble Company, Digital Equipment Corporation, and Ortho Pharmaceutical to address this problem. The author presents valuing diversity as a chance to improve organizational effectiveness and lists 10 guidelines for…

Focuses on the problems that family therapists, typically middle-class and from the majority culture, may have in adopting culturally sensitive perceptions and appropriate techniques. Discusses critical issues in culturally conscious family therapy and presents classical family therapy techniques as they might be modified for Mexican-American or…

Applies typology to counseling research that lends understanding to role that client-counselor similarity and difference may play in facilitating counseling effects. Asserts that considering this model in relation to existent research illustrates the value of such a typology both for defining relevant cultural differences and for understanding…

Analyzes the analogy of associating men with culture and women with nature as a model of the sexes that became dominant in the nineteenth century as part of broader theories of society in American social science, especially cultural anthropology and human geography. Suggests further studies based on female-oriented typologies. (BC)

A new model for psychotherapy, mandated by current evolution to a pluralistic society, is proposed in this paper. After describing the Big Island of Hawaii as a microcosm of pluralistic society, the author discusses her clinical and educational practice and explores the multi-ethnic population. An individual assessment and treatment matrix is…

A five-stage model is presented which proposes that majority and minority group members go through parallel, but somewhat different, stages in developing cross-cultural awareness. The five stages described for each group, with transitions between them, are as follows: unawareness, beginning awareness, conscious awareness, consolidated awareness,…

Education should help students with their intellectual as well as emotional growth. The counseling center at Harvard University, called the Bureau of Study Counsel, assumes that students' dilemmas are not simply academic. Generally, there are three kinds of services at the Harvard Bureau of Study Counsel: didactic-cognitive techniques; group…

In eight articles, discusses values clarification: its history, controversial issues, and future. Addresses the application of values clarification in career counseling, school counseling, counselor training, civil liberties, and counseling the culturally different. An annotated bibliography is included. (JAC)

Proposes a direction for cross-cultural training and research different from the traditional ones which emphasize differences between groups and the need to develop culture-specific techniques. Delineates a conceptual model which provides an integrative framework for understanding the role of culture in counseling. Draws on work in transpersonal…