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Peterson, Ivars – Science News, 1984
Methods to make computer searching as simple and efficient as possible have led to the development of various data structures. Data structures specify the items involved in searching and what can be done to them. The nature and advantages of using "self-adjusting" data structures (self-adjusting binary search trees) are discussed. (JN)
Descriptors: Computer Oriented Programs, Computer Science, Computer Science Education, Computer Software
Novak, Gordon S., Jr. – 1982
GLISP is a high-level computer language (based on Lisp and including Lisp as a sublanguage) which is compiled into Lisp. GLISP programs are compiled relative to a knowledge base of object descriptions, a form of abstract datatypes. A primary goal of the use of abstract datatypes in GLISP is to allow program code to be written in terms of objects,…
Descriptors: Computer Programs, Computer Science, Programing, Programing Languages

Turkle, Sherry; Papert, Seymour – Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 1990
Recent technological developments in interfaces, programing philosophy, and artificial intelligence may invite the participation of women programers, who find a concrete, intuitive, and informal style of programing more congenial than the hierarchical, rule-driven style heretofore pervasive in computer culture. (DM)
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science Education, Computers, Females
Wirth, Niklaus – Scientific American, 1984
Built-in data structures are the registers and memory words where binary values are stored; hard-wired algorithms are the fixed rules, embodied in electronic logic circuits, by which stored data are interpreted as instructions to be executed. Various topics related to these two basic elements of every computer program are discussed. (JN)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Computer Science, Computer Software, Data
Winograd, Terry – Scientific American, 1984
Discusses four types of computer programs that can manipulate linguistic symbols with great facility. These programs deal with: (1) machine translation; (2) word processing; (3) question answering; and (4) adjuncts to electronic mail known as coordination systems. Also considers the future of computer software dealing with language. (JN)
Descriptors: Computer Science, Computer Software, Higher Education, Language
van Dam, Andries – Scientific American, 1984
Interactive computer graphics is fast becoming the standard medium of communication between computers and all kinds of users. Reasons for this trend, the technology of interactive graphics displays, software considerations, applications (including classroom and laboratory applications), and future developments are discussed. (JN)
Descriptors: Computer Graphics, Computer Science, Computer Software, Display Systems

Lockheed, Marlaine – Educational Researcher, 1986
Presents a rationale for changing from the current emphasis of precollege computer courses on BASIC programming skills to a focus on teaching applications software skills. Reviews research regarding the quality of computer literacy courses. Discusses parallel cognitive and affective consequences of programming and applications software. Promotes…
Descriptors: Computer Literacy, Computer Science Education, Curriculum Development, Daily Living Skills
Tesler, Lawrence G. – Scientific American, 1984
Discusses the nature of programing languages, considering the features of BASIC, LOGO, PASCAL, COBOL, FORTH, APL, and LISP. Also discusses machine/assembly codes, the operation of a compiler, and trends in the evolution of programing languages (including interest in notational systems called object-oriented languages). (JN)
Descriptors: Computer Oriented Programs, Computer Science, Computer Software, Higher Education
Denning, Peter J.; Brown, Robert L. – Scientific American, 1984
A computer operating system spans multiple layers of complexity, from commands entered at a keyboard to the details of electronic switching. In addition, the system is organized as a hierarchy of abstractions. Various parts of such a system and system dynamics (using the Unix operating system as an example) are described. (JN)
Descriptors: Computer Oriented Programs, Computer Science, Computer Software, Computers
Bonner, Paul – Personal Computing, 1983
Provided are descriptions of programing languages (BASIC, LOGO, Pascal, FORTH, Savvy). Included are two lists, one presenting sources of programing language tutorials (includes computer needed, price, language, additional hardware needed, special features) and the other presenting a buyer's guide to programs that teach programing. (JN)
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Instruction, Computer Programs, Computer Science Education, Instructional Materials
Slesnick, Twila – Classroom Computer Learning, 1985
Provides answers to nine myths about computers, including computers are invaluable for school and home use; programing experience means job security; teachers will develop their own software; computers make good teachers; computer experts will form an elite social class; and computers increase student achievement. (JN)
Descriptors: Computer Science Education, Educational Trends, Elementary Secondary Education, Futures (of Society)

Branscomb, Lewis M. – Science, 1982
Discusses interdependence of computers and microelectronics, importance of programing, offices of the future, communications for the 1980s, emerging information systems, and the inexpensive, fast, and reliable small devices such as memory chips. (JN)
Descriptors: Communications, Computer Oriented Programs, Computer Science, Computers

Waldrop, M. Mitchell – Science, 1984
Discusses various aspects of artificial intelligence, focusing on three interrelated issues: (1) representation of knowledge, which is roughly the machine equivalent of human memory; (2) control and use of knowledge, which corresponds to human abilities in problem solving and planning; and (3) the acquisition of knowledge, or what humans call…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Oriented Programs, Computer Science, Higher Education
Roberts, Steven K. – Mini-Micro Systems, 1983
Discusses recent progress in artificial intelligence in such narrowly defined areas as medical and electronic diagnosis. Also discusses use of expert systems, man-machine communication problems, novel programing environments (including comments on LISP and LISP machines), and types of knowledge used (factual, heuristic, and meta-knowledge). (JN)
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, Communication (Thought Transfer), Computer Science
Kay, Alan – Scientific American, 1984
Discusses the nature and development of computer software. Programing, programing languages, types of software (including dynamic spreadsheets), and software of the future are among the topics considered. (JN)
Descriptors: Computer Oriented Programs, Computer Science, Computer Simulation, Computer Software
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