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Pigott, H. Edmund; Heggie, Deborah L. – Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 1986
Review of 20 studies comparing relative efficacy of individual and group contingencies found the former to be generally superior when academic performance was the targeted behavior. In contrast, no consistent differential effect was found when students' social response was the targeted behavior, yet increased verbal threats were reported during…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Behavioral Objectives, Classroom Techniques, Contingency Management

Tierno, Mark J. – Adolescence, 1991
Notes that, although literature on middle school teaching focuses on developmental stresses of young adolescents, it rarely offers specific ways to respond to student behaviors associated with these changes. Delineates the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional motivations behind typical early adolescent behaviors and then offers middle school…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Classroom Techniques, Intermediate Grades, Junior High Schools