Concerned with the increase in use of chewing tobacco and snuff, this brochure looks at the health risks of using smokeless tobacco. It presents five questions about smokeless tobacco use and provides answers to the questions developed by a consensus development conference on health implications of smokeless tobacco use convened by the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Dental Research, and the National Institutes of Health Office of Medical Applications of Research. Questions addressed include: (1) what are the current trends in the use of smokeless tobacco in the United States; (2) does the use of smokeless tobacco increase the risk of oral or other cancers; (3) does the use of smokeless tobacco increase the risk of peridontal disease or other oral and health problems; (4) what are the behavioral consequences of smokeless tobacco use; and (5) what issues regarding the health consequences of smokeless tobacco use require further research? The report notes that the human evidence that use of snuff causes cancer of the mouth is strong, while data are insufficient to come to any conclusions regarding the relationship of smokeless tobacco use to cancers at other sites. It concludes that use of smokeless tobacco is one of a number of health-endangering behaviors which frequently coincide, raising the potential for long-term and serious consequences. (NB)