Alfred Adler devised a theory that was holistic, social, teleological, and phenomenological. Adler believed that the basis of problems with children originated in the child's inability to cooperate with society, feelings of inferiority, and a lack of a goal in life. Adler felt the child's life should be examined through the child's eyes. Aggressive behavior was an indication of a hostile environment. The child is aggressive because he is afraid if he does not act aggressively, others will. Rudolf Dreikurs clarified and refined Adler's original work on family counseling thus making Adlerian family counseling a viable force in counselor education throughout the United States and Canada. Adlerian counselors are viewed as educators and most of the problems that children have are problems of education rather than illnesses. Alderians recommend democratic child rearing practices not only for aggressive children, but for all children. The goal in the parent-child relationship is to foster cooperation. Alderian therapy has retained its place in psychology because of its common sense approach and concern for the individual as well as the emphasis placed on education of parents. (ABL)