This study investigated the cross-cultural validity of the Preschool Learning Behavior Scale (PLBS) in the Chinese cultural context. Multiple approaches were used for this purpose, including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity evidence, and internal consistency reliability estimates. The findings…

The Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) will establish technical standards and guidelines to ensure that the survey design and implementation processes of PIAAC yield high-quality and internationally comparable data. This document provides a revised version of the technical standards and guidelines originally…

Toy playing habits, spatial abilities, and science and mathematics achievement of children aged 3 through 13 appear to be sex typed. Males play with a wider variety of toys, exhibit superior spatial skills, and maintain greater science and mathematics achievement scores than females. (PS)

This study applied meta-analysis techniques to the gender studies cited by Maccoby and Jacklin and assessed the magnitude of cognitive gender differences. Results indicated that gender differences in verbal, quantitative, and visual-spatial ability were very small. (Author/APM)

This report contains information shared with participants of the 1992 Common Destiny Conference, which focused on the consequences of academic tracking and other sorting practices that often result in the separation of children by race, class, or ethnicity. The conference also highlighted the latest relevant research on tracking and ability…

Many students could learn more effectively than they do now if they were taught in a way that better matched their patterns of abilities. Teaching for successful intelligence provides a way to create such a match. It involves helping all students capitalize on their strengths and compensate for or correct their weaknesses. It does so by teaching…

Indicates that spatial ability describes a variety of different behaviors and briefly reviews efforts to define intelligence factors and identify processes involved in solving tasks requiring spatial ability. (DS)

In experimental time estimation research, it has consistently been found that the more a person is engaged in some kind of demanding cognitive activity within a given period of time, the more experienced duration of this time interval decreases. However, the role of individual differences has been largely ignored in this field of research. In a…

Discusses distinction between statistically significant Verbal-Performance IQ discrepancies and frequencies with which such differences occur in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) standardization sample, and compares statistically derived and empirically observed WAIS-R Verbal-Performance IQ frequencies. Delineates implications for…

Chinese and Japanese immigrants to the United States and Canada have survived years of discrimination and oppression and today demonstrate academic and professional achievements that are often better than those of whites. However, the Asians continue to obtain higher scores on nonverbal/spatial tests than on verbal tests and tend to be…

Uses contemporary ideas from cognitive science to develop a model of cognitive competence. Demonstrates how counseling can affect various elements comprising the cognitive competence of clients in relation to their concerns and problems. (JAC)

The purpose of this document is to define mental retardation and answer questions related to this topic. According to the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR), mental retardation is a disability that occurs before age 18. It is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors as expressed in…

This paper presents a model of cognitive development across the life span that is designed to integrate the diverse empirical evidence in the area of cognitive development in childhood and adulthood. Relevant research is reviewed in the relationships between performance and age, and the effects of training on performance. A model is then proposed…

Uses an interactionism framework to examine to what extent measures of children's intellectual ability and school-related attitudes are associated with mathematics achievement at different family environment levels. Findings show mathematics performance had strong associations with ability, moderate relations to family environment, and negligible…

Criticizes correlational comparisons of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Halstead Category Test (Pendleton and Heaton, 1982) regarding assessment of cognitive abilities. Recommends asking patients to think aloud while performing on the tests as a more direct approach to understanding the cognitive components of the test. (LLL)