Background: New technology may stimulate active leisure activities for people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). We conducted a study of an interactive ball that responded to gross body movement, focus of attention, and vocalisations of users with PIMD. The aim was to increase alertness and body movement and elicit more…

This study investigated the cross-cultural validity of the Preschool Learning Behavior Scale (PLBS) in the Chinese cultural context. Multiple approaches were used for this purpose, including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity evidence, and internal consistency reliability estimates. The findings…

Test anxiety was examined in college students with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Results indicated that, relative to college students without ADHD, college students with ADHD reported higher total test anxiety as well as specific aspects of test anxiety, including worry (i.e., cognitive aspects of test anxiety) and…

The dopamine transfer deficit model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is compared and contrasted with the existing dynamic developmental theory and the extended temporal difference (TD) model. The first two both identify learning deficits as a key problem in ADHD, but this mechanism would seem at least as likely to cause other…

The relative efficacy with which appearance of a new object orients visual attention was investigated. At issue is whether the visual system treats onset as being of particular importance or only 1 of a number of stimulus events equally likely to summon attention. Using the 1-shot change detection paradigm, the authors compared detectability of…

Discusses distinguishing and overlapping features of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder. Notes that conclusions regarding comorbidity, treatment efficacy, and long-term outcome can be influenced by several factors, including diagnostic procedures and sample characteristics. Sees need to distinguish between referred and…

Discusses intelligence tests in relation to theory of cognitive processing which can serve as model for reconceptualizing cognitive functioning. Analyzes what is measured using Wechsler, Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Stanford-Binet IV, and McCarthy scales, and reflects on effectiveness. Suggests that Planning, Attention, Simultaneous,…

Provides an overview of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (AD-HD) in children and its behavioral correlates, emphasizing clinical issues in assessment. Proposes a clinical assessment protocol for evaluating this disorder among children. Emphasizes importance of differential diagnosis and need to assess for other problems. Presents clinical…

Focuses on possible causes of attention deficit disorder (ADD), changes in ADD terminology, the diagnosis of ADD, the school counselor's unique position in addressing this disorder, and the multidisciplinary team-multidimensional approach to treatment of ADD individuals. School counselors should know the specific diagnosis of individuals with ADD…

Notes that, although comorbidity with specific learning disabilities is less frequent than commonly reported, externalizing behavior disorders, particularly attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, often overlap with various indices of academic underachievement during childhood. Discusses issues surrounding multimodality treatment programs and…

Being a real teacher involves the refinement and development of a complex awareness on three levels. This is manifested in alterations to the structure of attention. Contains 49 references. (ASK)

Discusses three dyslexic/attention-deficit-disorder adult learners experience in the classroom and suggests strategies that they can employ to overcome their many ways of interacting with text that militate against successful decoding. (JOW)

A three-year-old child with developmental handicaps was taught attention, imitation, and toy manipulation behaviors. Observation on 10 targeted behaviors showed that from the time the intervention program commenced, the child increased her attention to persons and objects and markedly decreased her level of self-stimulation and self-injury. (GC)

This article briefly discusses the use of amphetamines in the treatment of hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction. (JMF)

Discusses ways that elementary school counselors can help children with attention deficit disorders. Defines attention deficit disorders with and without hyperactivity and describing characteristics of the disorders. Discusses role of elementary school counselor in areas of teacher education, identification of the disorder, as school liaison, as…