In the United States, public housing developments are predominantly located in neighborhoods with low median incomes, high rates of poverty and disproportionately high concentrations of minorities. While research consistently shows that public housing developments are located in economically and socially disadvantaged neighborhoods, we know little…

One purpose of this study was to compare the incremental effectiveness over high school grade point average (GPA) alone of the American College Testing Program (ACT) assessment, the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), and the California Achievement Tests (CAT) in predicting college freshman GPA. A second purpose was to look at the relative…

This study compares the mathematics performance of pupils who received no day care experiences with those who received mathematics instruction in a structured day care setting, and those exposed to incidentical learning in day care centers. Eighty-six first, second, third, and fourth grade students who had completed four years in a Title I program…

The incremental effectiveness over high school grade point average alone of the American College Testing Program, the Scholastic Aptitude Test, and the California Achievement Tests in predicting college freshmen grade point average was compared. The incremental predictive efficiency was nearly the same for each, resulting in an 18.47 percent…

Validity of the Cognitive Levels Test (CLT) was evaluated by correlating test scores of 48 gifted 10-year-olds with scores on the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale as preschoolers as well as with scores from the California Achievement Test. Results indicated high degrees of CLT validity in both measuring cognitive ability and predicting academic…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of whole language versus phonics on reading achievement. Four second-grade students participated--two were chosen for a control sample in which they were taught using the modified whole language approach; and two were chosen for the experimental sample and were taught using the modified…

A study compared performance on a silent informal reading inventory and achievement on a standardized reading test, focusing on students' individual skill needs and how effective tests were in identifying specific strengths and weaknesses in these skill areas. Subjects, 25 students entering fourth grade in a primarily middle class suburban…

To determine the effect of parental influence on students' reading achievement, a study surveyed parents of two eighth grade classes from two different middle schools in an urban area. The 18-item survey consisted of general information regarding parents and their children, and dealt with the parents' outlook on reading and their interpretation of…

A study (conducted in suburban central New Jersey using 218 second graders' California Achievement Test (CAT) scores from 1986-1988 compared the effectiveness of two well-known reading programs. Results indicated that although there was no statistically significant difference in the scores, the mean difference suggested that children who were…

A study tested the assumption that there would be no significant difference in the test scores of the California Achievement Test between students of monolingual Hispanic and bilingual Hispanic backgrounds. The sample tested two groups of first-grade children (21 children in all) with Hispanic backgrounds in Elizabeth, New Jersey. A comparison of…

This study examined differences between 326 students enrolled in a full-day kindergarten program and 311 students in a half-day program. Data were obtained from six measures of academic achievement from the California Achievement Tests, administered in the spring. Results indicated no significant differences between the two groups on four measures…

Evidence concerning compensatory education programs (designed to overcome educational deficits associated with adverse environmental circumstances) and their impact was sought in a study that investigated the progress made by students in such programs for reading over a six-year span, from middle school and through high school. Data were obtained…

This study examines the relative value of five empirical procedures for determining cutscores in placement of entering college freshmen. Placement test scores were obtained for all students entering in the fall, but tested in the summer of 1983 at a midwestern community college. Students who took at least one placement test in arithmetic, algebra,…

Fifth in a series of studies examining reading discrepancies in Cleveland, Ohio public schools, this report analyzed the spring 1986-1987 reading data so that accurate and usable information and recommendations would be available to decision-makers for related planning, curriculum design, and implementation functions of the district. Students in…

The content of selected major achievement tests is examined for bias in the frequency of references to the male and the female sex. The performance of males and females is contrasted on each item considered, and the relationships between item content and the performance differences is surveyed. The tests used in this study include the Metropolitan…