Young children have informal knowledge of fractions before learning about fraction symbols in school. In the current study, we followed 103 children in the Mid-Atlantic United States from the fall to the spring of first grade to characterize the development of individual differences in early informal fraction knowledge, as well as its relation to…

The middle grades are a critical transition period in students' mathematics trajectories, as students move from arithmetic to the more complex and abstract concepts of algebra. Teachers' and parents' judgments of students' math abilities in these years are important to instructional planning and decision making for teachers, and can advise parents…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a systematic, explicit, intensive Tier 3 (tertiary) intervention on the mathematics performance of students in second grade with severe mathematics difficulties. A multiple-baseline design across groups of participants showed improved mathematics performance on number and operations…

Research has illuminated contributions--usually modeled separately--of both executive functioning (EF) and visuomotor integration (VMI) to mathematical development in early elementary school. This study examined simultaneous associations of EF and VMI, measured at the beginning of the school year, with concurrent and later mathematics performance…

This study was designed to deepen insights on whether word-problem (WP) solving is a form of text comprehension (TC) and on the role of language in WPs. A sample of 325 second graders, representing high, average, and low reading and math performance, was assessed on (a) start-of-year TC, WP skill, language, nonlinguistic reasoning, working memory,…

This study determined the working memory (WM) components (executive, phonological short-term memory [STM], and visual-spatial sketchpad) that best predicted mathematical word problem-solving accuracy in elementary schoolchildren (N = 392). The battery of tests administered to assess mediators between WM and problem-solving included measures of…

This study examined whether children's mathematics anxiety serves as an underlying pathway between parental involvement and children's mathematics achievement. Participants included 78 low-income, ethnic minority parents and their children residing in a large urban center in the northeastern United States. Parents completed a short survey tapping…

Investigated the concurrent validity of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test and the KeyMath Diagnostic Arithmetic Test in 171 adolescents. The presence of relatively high and positive partial correlations between the scores supported the concurrent validity of the instruments. (JAC)

Implications of the relationships among mathematics and reading achievement tests scores uncovered by testing 366 elementary school students with academic difficulties are discussed. Tests are the: (1) KeyMath-Revised (J. Connolly, 1988); (2) Peabody Individual Achievement Test-Revised (F. Markwardt, 1989); (3) Wechsler Individual Achievement Test…

A Harding School (Worthington, Ohio) population of 77 adolescent patients, ages 12 to 17, were administered the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests and the Key Math Diagnostic Arithmetic Tests. Averages were calculated for the length of hospitalization, age at admission, full scale intelligence quotient (IQ), average grade equivalent gain for the total…

Study investigated relative merits of using teacher judgment and Slosson Full-Range Intelligence Test (SFRIT) to estimate students' math and reading achievement. Analyses of students enrolled in a remedial-reading program, showed that the SFRIT recovered more variance from the distributions of math and reading tests than did teacher judgment. (RJM)

The tests yielded similar scores. A qualitative analysis, comparing the tests in the areas of content, quality, time efficiency and relevance for instruction found the California Achievement Test to be superior and more efficient for accessing secondary learning disabled students' math achievement levels. (Author/CL)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the KeyMath Diagnostic Arithmetic Test and the California Arithmetic Test when used with children identified as having specific learning disabilities. The samples consisted of children in grades one through three enrolled in a diagnostic, prescriptive, remedial Resource Room…

The results of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests were found to be quite similar for both learning disabled and normal Ss, with high reliability and a unidimensional factor structure. The same was found for the Keymath Diagnostic Arithmetic Test, though the assumption of a unidimensional math achievement was found to be less defensible for the LD…

The effect on children's test scores of different item formats used in standardized mathematics achievement tests was investigated. In a Utah school, 40 second grade students completed a mathematics computation test using eight different formats derived from five standardized achievement tests. Identical content, taken from the most frequently…