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Ching-Ni Hsieh – ETS Research Report Series, 2024
The TOEFL Junior® tests are designed to evaluate young language students' English reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills in an English-medium secondary instructional context. This paper articulates a validity argument constructed to support the use and interpretation of the TOEFL Junior test scores for the purpose of placement, progress…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Scores
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Papageorgiou, Spiros; Davis, Larry; Ohta, Renka; Gomez, Pablo Garcia – ETS Research Report Series, 2022
In this research report, we describe a study to map the scores of the "TOEFL® Essentials"™ test to the Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB). The TOEFL Essentials test is a four-skills assessment of foundational English language skills and communication abilities in academic and general (daily life) contexts. At the time of writing this…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
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Mustafa, Faisal; Anwar, Samsul – Online Submission, 2018
Paper-based TOEFL scores have been used to determine the level of English proficiency for EFL learners for various purposes. However, in repeat tests some lower scores fluctuate despite no additional classroom learning, thus they cannot be used to judge the English level of those taking the test. There is limited research into the lowest score…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Scores
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Cotos, Elena; Chung, Yoo-Ree – ETS Research Report Series, 2018
In the past 2 decades, there has been an increasing tendency to use scores from the "TOEFL iBT"® Speaking test for decisions regarding the certification of international graduate students as teaching assistants at North American universities. To obtain validity evidence in support of the usefulness of the speaking scores for this…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Test Interpretation
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Papageorgiou, Spiros; Morgan, Rick; Becker, Valerie – International Journal of Testing, 2015
The purpose of this study was to enhance the meaning of the scores of an English-language test by developing performance levels and descriptors for reporting overall test performance. The levels and descriptors were intended to accompany the total scale scores of TOEFL Junior® Standard, an international test of English as a second/foreign…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
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Ghafournia, Narjes; Afghari, Akbar – English Language Teaching, 2013
The study scrutinized the probable interaction between using cognitive test-taking strategies, reading proficiency, and reading comprehension test performance of Iranian postgraduate students, who studied English as a foreign language. The study also probed the extent to which the participants' test performance was related to the use of certain…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Reading Comprehension, Reading Tests, English (Second Language)
Oltman, Philip K.; Stricker, Lawrence J. – 1988
A study examined the relationship of native language and level of English proficiency to the structure of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Using all of the information provided by various responses to the test's items (the four alternatives, omitted, and not reached), the items' interrelations were analyzed by three-way…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Construct Validity, English (Second Language), Language Proficiency
Clark, John L. D. – 1977
Recent forms of the new three-section Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) were administered to 88 native speakers of English just prior to graduation from a college-preparatory high school program. Total test score distributions were highly negatively skewed, reinforcing findings of earlier studies that the TOEFL is not psychometrically…
Descriptors: College Bound Students, Educational Research, English (Second Language), Higher Education
Swinton, Spencer S.; Powers, Donald E. – 1980
A factor analytic study of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) was undertaken to determine the component abilities that underlie performance on the test for several major language groups: African, Arabic, Chinese (non-Taiwanese), Farsi, Germanic, Japanese, and Spanish. Evidence was found that three major factors underlie performance…
Descriptors: Arabs, Educational Research, English (Second Language), Factor Analysis
Wilson, Kenneth M. – 1987
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) measures the English language proficiency of foreign students who apply for higher education in the United States. It is administered according to a strict schedule through the International and Special Center (I&SC) testing program or at ad hoc intervals by institutional users as part of the…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Correlation, English (Second Language), Foreign Students
Hicks, Marilyn M. – 1984
Six methods of equating Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) test scores for samples consisting of the usual groups of examinees and groups controlled for native language representation were evaluated in terms of scale stability. The equating methods included three item response theory (IRT) variants (fixed b's scaling, a one-parameter…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Comparative Analysis, English (Second Language), Equated Scores