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Download full textPapageorgiou, Spiros; Xu, Xiaoqiu; Timpe-Laughlin, Veronika; Dugdale, Deborah M. – Educational Testing Service, 2020
The purpose of this study is to examine the appropriateness of using the "TOEFL Primary®" tests to evaluate the language abilities of students learning English as a foreign language (EFL) through an online-delivered curriculum, the VIPKid Major Course (MC). Data include student test scores on the TOEFL Primary Listening and Reading tests…
Descriptors: Alignment (Education), Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Sheehan, Kathleen M.; Kostin, Irene; Futagi, Yoko; Flor, Michael – Educational Testing Service, 2010
The Common Core Standards call for students to be exposed to a much greater level of text complexity than has been the norm in schools for the past 40 years. Textbook publishers, teachers, and assessment developers are being asked to refocus materials and methods to ensure that students are challenged to read texts at steadily increasing…
Descriptors: Automation, Content Analysis, Difficulty Level, Readability Formulas
Haberman, Shelby J.; Sinharay, Sandip; Lee, Yi-Hsuan – Educational Testing Service, 2011
Providing information to test takers and test score users about the abilities of test takers at different score levels has been a persistent problem in educational and psychological measurement (Carroll, 1993). Scale anchoring (Beaton & Allen, 1992), a technique that describes what students at different points on a score scale know and can do,…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Scores, Regression (Statistics), Item Response Theory
Middleton, Kyndra; Dorans, Neil J. – Educational Testing Service, 2011
Extreme linkings are performed in settings in which neither equivalent groups nor anchor material is available to link scores on two assessments. Examples of extreme linkages include links between scores on tests administered in different languages or between scores on tests administered across disability groups. The strength of interpretation…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Testing, Difficulty Level, Test Reliability
Liu, Jinghua; Sinharay, Sandip; Holland, Paul W.; Feigenbaum, Miriam; Curley, Edward – Educational Testing Service, 2009
This study explores the use of a different type of anchor, a "midi anchor", that has a smaller spread of item difficulties than the tests to be equated, and then contrasts its use with the use of a "mini anchor". The impact of different anchors on observed score equating were evaluated and compared with respect to systematic…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Test Items, Difficulty Level, Error of Measurement
Kostin, Irene – Educational Testing Service, 2004
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between a set of item characteristics and the difficulty of TOEFL[R] dialogue items. Identifying characteristics that are related to item difficulty has the potential to improve the efficiency of the item-writing process The study employed 365 TOEFL dialogue items, which were coded on 49…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Difficulty Level, Language Tests, English (Second Language)
