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Goddard, Murray J. – Learning and Motivation, 2013
Four experiments with rats examined Pavlovian incubation, in which responding increases when Pavlovian conditioning is followed by a testing delay. In a within-subjects design, Experiment 1 first showed that when a single food pellet unconditioned stimulus (US) signaled the delivery of three additional pellets, responding after the single US was…
Descriptors: Animals, Classical Conditioning, Responses, Stimuli
De la Casa, L. G.; Mena, A.; Orgaz, A.; Fernandez, A. – Learning and Motivation, 2013
Contextual specificity of Latent Inhibition (LI) has been demonstrated using an ample range of experimental procedures. Context dependence has not been consistently obtained, however, when LI has been induced using a Conditioned Taste Aversion (CTA) procedure. This paper presents two experiments designed to analyze whether the context plays the…
Descriptors: Animals, Inhibition, Classical Conditioning, Change
Unkelbach, Christian; Stahl, Christoph; Forderer, Sabine – Learning and Motivation, 2012
Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to changes in people's evaluative responses toward initially neutral stimuli (CSs) by mere spatial and temporal contiguity with other positive or negative stimuli (USs). We investigate whether changing CS features from conditioning to evaluation also changes people's evaluative response toward these CSs. We used…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Stimulus Generalization, Evaluation
Rodriguez, Gabriel; Alonso, Gumersinda – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Three conditioned suppression experiments examined the Hall-Pearce (1979) negative transfer effect in rats. Experiment 1 replicated the effect: CS-US[subscript weak] pairings retarded subsequent fear conditioning to the CS as a result of CS-US[subscript strong] pairings. The size of this retardation was less than that produced by non-reinforced CS…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Inhibition, Animals, Experiments
Winterbauer, Neil E.; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Three experiments with rat subjects examined resurgence of an extinguished instrumental response using the procedure introduced by Epstein (1983) with pigeons. There were three phases: (1) initial acquisition of pressing on a lever (L1) for pellet reward, (2) extinction of L1, and (3) a test session in which a second lever (L2) was inserted,…
Descriptors: Rewards, Experimental Psychology, Animals, Laboratory Experiments
Kvitvik, Inger-Line; Berg, Kristine Marit; Agmo, Anders – Learning and Motivation, 2010
A neutral olfactory stimulus was employed as CS in a series of experiments with a sexually receptive female as UCS and the execution of an intromission as the UCR. Each experimental session lasted until the male ejaculated. The time the experimental subject spent in a zone adjacent to the source of the olfactory stimulus during the 10 s of CS…
Descriptors: Animals, Classical Conditioning, Olfactory Perception, Stimuli
Galtress, Tiffany; Kirkpatrick, Kimberly – Learning and Motivation, 2010
Changes in reward magnitude or value have been reported to produce effects on timing behavior, which have been attributed to changes in the speed of an internal pacemaker in some instances and to attentional factors in other cases. The present experiments therefore aimed to clarify the effects of reward magnitude on timing processes. In Experiment…
Descriptors: Rewards, Experiments, Animals, Attention
Purkis, Helena M.; Lipp, Ottmar V. – Learning and Motivation, 2010
Evaluative learning is said to differ from Pavlovian associative learning in that it reflects stimulus contiguity, not contingency. Thus, evaluative learning should not be subject to stimulus competition, a proposal tested in the current experiments. Participants were presented in elemental and compound training phases with pictures of shapes as…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Competition, Associative Learning, Experiments
Nagaishi, Takatoshi; Nakajima, Sadahiko – Learning and Motivation, 2008
Repeated exposures to a target taste (X) attenuated subsequent development of rats' conditioned aversion to X (latent inhibition effect). Presentation of another taste (A) after X in conditioning (serial X-A compound conditioning) also attenuated conditioned X aversion compared with conditioning without A (overshadowing). Furthermore, the latent…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Classical Conditioning, Validity, Animals
Urcelay, Gonzalo P.; Lipatova, Olga; Miller, Ralph R. – Learning and Motivation, 2009
Three Pavlovian fear conditioning experiments with rats as subjects explored the effect of extinction in the presence of a concurrent excitor. Our aim was to explore this particular treatment, documented in previous studies to deepen extinction, with novel control groups to shed light on the processes involved in extinction. Relative to subjects…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Classical Conditioning, Animals, Experiments
Capaldi, E. J.; Martins, Ana P. G.; Altman, Meaghan – Learning and Motivation, 2009
arrow]US associations also survived The memories of the unconditioned stimulus (US) and its absence (No US), symbolized as S[superscript R] and S[superscript N], respectively, may be retrieved on US or No US trials giving rise to four types of associations, S[superscript R][right arrow]US, S[superscript R][right arrow]No US, S[superscript N][right…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animal Behavior, Rewards, Experimental Psychology
Pineno, Oskar; Zilski, Jessica M.; Schachtman, Todd R. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
Two conditioned taste aversion experiments with rats were conducted to establish if a target taste that had received a prior pairing with illness could be subject to second-order conditioning during extinction treatment in compound with a flavor that also received prior conditioning. In these experiments, the occurrence of second-order…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Associative Learning, Animals, Animal Behavior
Woods, Amanda M.; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
Three experiments with rats examined reacquisition of an operant response after either extinction or a response-elimination procedure that included occasional reinforced responses during extinction. In each experiment, reacquisition was slower when response elimination had included occasional reinforced responses, although the effect was…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Animals
Miller, Ronald Mellado; Capaldi, E. John – Learning and Motivation, 2006
Sequential theory's memory model of learning has been successfully applied in response contingent instrumental conditioning experiments (Capaldi, 1966, 1967, 1994; Capaldi & Miller, 2003). However, it has not been systematically tested in nonresponse contingent Pavlovian conditioning experiments. The present experiments attempted to determine if…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Training, Experiments, Probability
Baeyens, Frank; Vervliet, Bram; Vansteenwegen, Debora; Beckers, Tom; Hermans, Dirk; Eelen, Paul – Learning and Motivation, 2004
Using a conditioned suppression task, we investigated simultaneous (XA-/A+) vs. sequential (X [right arrow] A-/A+) Feature Negative (FN) discrimination learning in humans. We expected the simultaneous discrimination to result in X (or alternatively the XA configuration) becoming an inhibitor acting directly on the US, and the sequential…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Discrimination Learning, Experiments, Inhibition
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