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Universal Development and L1-L2 Convergence in Bilingual Construal of Manner in Speech and Gesture in Mandarin, Japanese, and English
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Brown, Amanda – Modern Language Journal, 2015
This article investigates bilingual versus monolingual construal of manner of motion in speech and gesture across three languages--Mandarin, Japanese, and English--argued to be typologically distinct in speech and co-speech gesture (Brown & Chen, 2013; McNeill, 2001; Slobin, 2004b; Talmy, 1991). Narrative descriptions of motion were elicited…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Monolingualism, Second Language Learning, Native Language
Concatenative and Nonconcatenative Plural Formation in L1, L2, and Heritage Speakers of Arabic
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Albirini, Abdulkafi; Benmamoun, Elabbas – Modern Language Journal, 2014
This study compares Arabic L1, L2, and heritage speakers' (HS) knowledge of plural formation, which involves concatenative and nonconcatenative modes of derivation. Ninety participants (divided equally among L1, L2, and heritage speakers) completed two oral tasks: a picture naming task (to measure proficiency) and a plural formation task. The…
Descriptors: Native Language, Semitic Languages, Second Language Learning, Morphemes
Dynamic Systems Theory and Universal Grammar: Holding up a Turbulent Mirror to Development in Grammars
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Plaza-Pust, Carolina – Modern Language Journal, 2008
Research over the last decades has shown that language development in its multiple forms is characterized by a succession of stable and unstable states. However, the variation observed is neither expected nor can it be accounted for on the basis of traditional learning concepts conceived of within the Universal Grammar (UG) paradigm. In this…
Descriptors: Language Variation, Systems Approach, Second Language Learning, Grammar