Considers the powerful influence of the motivational factors of attitude, need, stimulation, affect, competence, and reinforcement on adult behavior and learning. Their integration into the Time Continuum Model of Motivation to guide instructor selection and implementation of motivational strategies is also discussed. (MBR)

Describes four experiments conducted in Brazil which used programed instructional materials and compared three instructional approaches--independent study, student-directed study, and the Keller method. Subjects were high school students and adult learners seeking high school equivalency certificates. (JJD)