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Jones, Elizabeth; Hampton, Eric M.; Brown, Elizabeth M.; Leinenbach, Marylin T. – Professional Development in Education, 2009
Sixty-five fourth-grade, fifth-grade and sixth-grade teachers in the Midwestern United States participated in professional development opportunities designed to increase their mathematics content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge over a two-year series of workshops. Through the use of pre-tests and post-tests assessing content knowledge and…
Descriptors: Mathematics Education, Knowledge Base for Teaching, Workshops, Grade 5
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Carraher, David W.; Schliemann, Analucia D.; Brizuela, Barbara M.; Earnest, Darrell – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 2006
Algebra instruction has traditionally been postponed until adolescence because of historical reasons (algebra emerged relatively recently), assumptions about psychological development ("developmental constraints" and "developmental readiness"), and data documenting the difficulties that adolescents have with algebra. Here we…
Descriptors: Mathematics Curriculum, Mathematics Education, Algebra, Elementary School Mathematics