Literature typically describes mathematization, the process of transforming a real-world situation into a mathematical model, in terms of desirable actions and behaviors students exhibit. We attended to STEM undergraduate students' quantitative reasoning as they derived equations. Analysis of the meanings they held for arithmetic operations (+, -,…

This article focuses on spontaneous and progressive knowledge building in ''the arithmetic of the child.'' The aim is to investigate variations in the behavior patterns of eight pupils attending a school for the intellectually disabled. The study is based on the epistemology of radical constructivism and the methodology of multiple clinical…

Behavioral observations of 177 students in classrooms for educable mentally retarded children and for educationally handicapped children (mean ages 10 and 11 years) were compared to their achievement scores. (Author)

We examined the relationship between parents' behaviour and children's use of simple arithmetic strategies while playing a board game in contrast to solving arithmetic problems. In a microgenetic study spanning 3 weeks, 5-year-old children who were just beginning kindergarten played a modified game of "Chutes and Ladders" with one of…

Two studies involving three adolescents with severe emotional disturbance/behavior disorders and learning difficulties examined effects of problem difficulty and reinforcer quality upon time allocated to two sets of arithmetic problems. Results have implications for understanding the effects of problem difficulty and reinforcer quality on behavior…

This paper reports the results of a study which examined the longitudinal relationships between young children's classroom behavior and their performance on achievement tests. Subjects were 235 children who made up the first cohort to attend kindergarten in the public schools of North Carolina. Data were collected at four points: at the beginning…