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Raykov, Tenko; Doebler, Philipp; Marcoulides, George A. – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2022
This article is concerned with the large-sample parameter estimator behavior in applications of Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis in behavioral measurement. The property of strong convergence of the popular Bayesian posterior median estimator is discussed, which states numerical convergence with probability 1 of the resulting estimates to the…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Measurement Techniques, Correlation, Factor Analysis
D'Wayne Bell; John B. Holbein; Samuel Imlay; Jonathan Smith – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2024
We study how colleges shape their students' voting habits by linking millions of SAT takers to their college-enrollment and voting histories. To begin, we show that the fraction of students from a particular college who vote varies systematically by the college's attributes (e.g. increasing with selectivity) but also that seemingly similar…
Descriptors: Voting, Citizen Participation, Institutional Characteristics, College Applicants
Zotow, Ewa; Bisby, James A.; Burgess, Neil – Learning & Memory, 2020
An essential feature of episodic memory is the ability to recall the multiple elements relating to one event from the multitude of elements relating to other, potentially similar events. Hippocampal pattern separation is thought to play a fundamental role in this process, by orthogonalizing the representations of overlapping events during…
Descriptors: Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Interference (Learning), Behavior Patterns
Li, Shan; Zheng, Juan; Lajoie, Susanne P. – Educational Technology & Society, 2022
Examining the sequential patterns of self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors is gaining popularity to understand students' performance differences. However, few studies have looked at the transition probabilities among different SRL behaviors. Moreover, there is a lack of research investigating the temporal structures of students' SRL behaviors…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Metacognition, Sequential Approach
Jiehui Hu; Xun Li; Jia Li; Wanyu Zhang; Yuxin Lan; Zhao Gao; Shan Gao – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
A growing body of research has provided evidence for the foreign language effect on thinking, notably decision-making. Our prior work found reduction of recency effect following positive feedback in a foreign language as compared to the native tongue during even-probability gambling. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying this effect…
Descriptors: Risk, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Kayyal, Mary H.; Widen, Sherri C. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2021
When asked to describe possible elicitors of fear, American children generate more stories about imaginary creatures than realistic ones; Palestinian children generate more realistic than imaginary causes (Kayyal et al., 2015). The current study reversed this task to investigate whether these patterns persist when American (n = 72) and Palestinian…
Descriptors: Fear, Imagination, Cross Cultural Studies, Story Telling
Plate, Rista C.; Fulvio, Jacqueline M.; Shutts, Kristin; Green, C. Shawn; Pollak, Seth D. – Child Development, 2018
Individuals track probabilities, such as associations between events in their environments, but less is known about the degree to which experience--within a learning session and over development--influences people's use of incoming probabilistic information to guide behavior in real time. In two experiments, children (4-11 years) and adults…
Descriptors: Child Development, Children, Young Children, Change Strategies
Beaulieu, Dominique; Godin, Gaston – Health Education, 2011
Purpose: Easy access to fast-food restaurants in the immediate environment of a high school is such that a high proportion of students do not remain in school for lunch. Hence, the probability that they will eat a healthy meal is reduced. The aim of this study is to identify the behavioral determinants of "staying in school to eat lunch" among…
Descriptors: High Schools, Intention, Food, Probability
Huh, Namjung; Jo, Suhyun; Kim, Hoseok; Sul, Jung Hoon; Jung, Min Whan – Learning & Memory, 2009
Reinforcement learning theories postulate that actions are chosen to maximize a long-term sum of positive outcomes based on value functions, which are subjective estimates of future rewards. In simple reinforcement learning algorithms, value functions are updated only by trial-and-error, whereas they are updated according to the decision-maker's…
Descriptors: Learning Theories, Animals, Rewards, Probability
Robb, Cliff A.; Sharpe, Deanna L. – Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 2009
Analysis of survey data collected from 6,520 students at a large Midwestern University affirmed that financial knowledge is a significant factor in the credit card decisions of college students but not entirely in expected ways. Results of a double hurdle analysis indicated that students with relatively higher levels of financial knowledge were…
Descriptors: College Students, Credit (Finance), Probability, Money Management
Markovits, Henry; St-Onge, Martin Jodoin – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2009
The authors examined internal representations of conditional strategies for a situation of object conflict in 849 adolescents and young adults between the ages of 11 and 19 years. To examine participants' expectations of strategy use, the authors developed questionnaires that depicted a variety of contexts in which 2 people wanted an object that…
Descriptors: Aggression, Conflict, Young Adults, Adolescents
Clark, L.; Bechara, A.; Damasio, H.; Aitken, M. R. F.; Sahakian, B. J.; Robbins, T. W. – Brain, 2008
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and insular cortex are implicated in distributed neural circuitry that supports emotional decision-making. Previous studies of patients with vmPFC lesions have focused primarily on decision-making under uncertainty, when outcome probabilities are ambiguous (e.g. the Iowa Gambling Task). It remains unclear…
Descriptors: Patients, Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Probability

Bursik, Robert J., Jr. – Social Forces, 1980
Discusses problems with the use of stochastic (probabilistic) models for the analysis of juvenile offense data. Analyzes longitudinal data for White and non-White delinquents which show significant evidence of offense specialization and a random distribution of offenses if no specialization occurs. (Author/GC)
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Delinquency, Models, Probability

Kahng, SungWoo; Iwata, Brian A.; Fischer, Sonya M.; Page, Terry J.; Treadwell, Kimberli R. H.; Williams, Don E.; Smith, Richard G. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
A large-scale analysis was conducted of problem behavior by observing 20 individuals living in residential facilities. Data were converted into scatter plot formats. When the data were transformed into aggregate "control charts," 12 of 15 sets of data revealed 30-minute intervals during which problem behavior was more likely to occur.…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems, Data Analysis

Kantor, Paul B. – Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1987
Examines a statistical model in which the users of an online system continually update their estimated probability of success, and quit or continue the search according to the expected utility of each action. The implications for search strategies are discussed. (Author/EM)
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Behavior Patterns, Models, Online Searching
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