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Showing 1 to 15 of 59 results Save | Export
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Rosa W. Runhardt – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
This article uses the interventionist theory of causation, a counterfactual theory taken from philosophy of science, to strengthen causal analysis in process tracing research. Causal claims from process tracing are re-expressed in terms of so-called hypothetical interventions, and concrete evidential tests are proposed which are shown to…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Statistical Inference, Intervention, Investigations
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Wendy Chan – Asia Pacific Education Review, 2024
As evidence from evaluation and experimental studies continue to influence decision and policymaking, applied researchers and practitioners require tools to derive valid and credible inferences. Over the past several decades, research in causal inference has progressed with the development and application of propensity scores. Since their…
Descriptors: Probability, Scores, Causal Models, Statistical Inference
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Lucy D'Agostino McGowan; Travis Gerke; Malcolm Barrett – Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 2024
This article introduces a collection of four datasets, similar to Anscombe's quartet, that aim to highlight the challenges involved when estimating causal effects. Each of the four datasets is generated based on a distinct causal mechanism: the first involves a collider, the second involves a confounder, the third involves a mediator, and the…
Descriptors: Statistics Education, Programming Languages, Statistical Inference, Causal Models
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Xinhe Wang; Ben B. Hansen – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2024
Background: Clustered randomized controlled trials are commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments. Frequently, stratified or paired designs are adopted in practice. Fogarty (2018) studied variance estimators for stratified and not clustered experiments and Schochet et. al. (2022) studied that for stratified, clustered RCTs with…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Randomized Controlled Trials, Computation, Probability
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Wendy Castillo; Lindsay Dusard – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2024
Background: The emergence of causal research in education was almost strictly quantitative twenty years ago, however, that landscape has changed considerably. The number of intervention studies fielded and completed annually has increased substantially, and the quality of the evaluations is much more robust, including paying much greater attention…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Educational Research, Equal Education, Educational Policy
Guanglei Hong; Fan Yang; Xu Qin – Grantee Submission, 2023
In causal mediation studies that decompose an average treatment effect into indirect and direct effects, examples of post-treatment confounding are abundant. In the presence of treatment-by-mediator interactions, past research has generally considered it infeasible to adjust for a post-treatment confounder of the mediator-outcome relationship due…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Mediation Theory, Research Problems, Statistical Inference
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Charlotte Z. Mann; Adam C. Sales; Johann A. Gagnon-Bartsch – Grantee Submission, 2025
Combining observational and experimental data for causal inference can improve treatment effect estimation. However, many observational data sets cannot be released due to data privacy considerations, so one researcher may not have access to both experimental and observational data. Nonetheless, a small amount of risk of disclosing sensitive…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Statistical Analysis, Privacy, Risk
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Sarah E. Robertson; Jon A. Steingrimsson; Issa J. Dahabreh – Evaluation Review, 2024
When planning a cluster randomized trial, evaluators often have access to an enumerated cohort representing the target population of clusters. Practicalities of conducting the trial, such as the need to oversample clusters with certain characteristics in order to improve trial economy or support inferences about subgroups of clusters, may preclude…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Generalization, Inferences, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
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Ting Ye; Ted Westling; Lindsay Page; Luke Keele – Grantee Submission, 2024
The clustered observational study (COS) design is the observational study counterpart to the clustered randomized trial. In a COS, a treatment is assigned to intact groups, and all units within the group are exposed to the treatment. However, the treatment is non-randomly assigned. COSs are common in both education and health services research. In…
Descriptors: Nonparametric Statistics, Identification, Causal Models, Multivariate Analysis
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Thomas Cook; Mansi Wadhwa; Jingwen Zheng – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2023
Context: A perennial problem in applied statistics is the inability to justify strong claims about cause-and-effect relationships without full knowledge of the mechanism determining selection into treatment. Few research designs other than the well-implemented random assignment study meet this requirement. Researchers have proposed partial…
Descriptors: Observation, Research Design, Causal Models, Computation
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Oscar Clivio; Avi Feller; Chris Holmes – Grantee Submission, 2024
Reweighting a distribution to minimize a distance to a target distribution is a powerful and flexible strategy for estimating a wide range of causal effects, but can be challenging in practice because optimal weights typically depend on knowledge of the underlying data generating process. In this paper, we focus on design-based weights, which do…
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Causal Models, Error of Measurement, Guidelines
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Jennifer Hill; George Perrett; Stacey A. Hancock; Le Win; Yoav Bergner – Statistics Education Research Journal, 2024
Most current statistics courses include some instruction relevant to causal inference. Whether this instruction is incorporated as material on randomized experiments or as an interpretation of associations measured by correlation or regression coefficients, the way in which this material is presented may have important implications for…
Descriptors: Statistics Education, Causal Models, Statistical Inference, College Students
Jennifer Hill; George Perrett; Vincent Dorie – Grantee Submission, 2023
Estimation of causal effects requires making comparisons across groups of observations exposed and not exposed to a a treatment or cause (intervention, program, drug, etc). To interpret differences between groups causally we need to ensure that they have been constructed in such a way that the comparisons are "fair." This can be…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Statistical Inference, Artificial Intelligence, Data Analysis
Blake H. Heller; Carly D. Robinson – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2024
Quasi-experimental methods are a cornerstone of applied social science, providing critical answers to causal questions that inform policy and practice. Although open science principles have influenced experimental research norms across the social sciences, these practices are rarely implemented in quasi-experimental research. In this paper, we…
Descriptors: Social Science Research, Research Methodology, Quasiexperimental Design, Scientific Principles
Adam C. Sales; Ethan Prihar; Johann Gagnon-Bartsch; Ashish Gurung; Neil T. Heffernan – Grantee Submission, 2022
Randomized A/B tests allow causal estimation without confounding but are often under-powered. This paper uses a new dataset, including over 250 randomized comparisons conducted in an online learning platform, to illustrate a method combining data from A/B tests with log data from users who were not in the experiment. Inference remains exact and…
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Educational Experiments, Causal Models, Computation
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