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Download full textWalter Gander – Informatics in Education, 2024
When the new programming language Pascal was developed in the 1970's, Walter Gander did not like it because because many features which he appreciated in prior programming languages were missing in Pascal. For example the block structure was gone, there were no dynamical arrays, no functions or procedures were allowed as parameters of a procedure,…
Descriptors: Computer Software, Programming Languages, Algorithms, Automation
Direct linkShu-Hsuan Chang; Po-Jen Kuo; Jia Xin Kao; Lee-Jen Yang – Interactive Learning Environments, 2024
With the development of education technology, Smart classroom has evolved to version 2.0. Currently, the meta-analysis literature on the effects of smart classroom-based instruction on academic achievement ignores the impact of technological changes and time on the effect sizes. This study incorporated the impact of technological changes and time,…
Descriptors: Educational Technology, Technology Integration, Instructional Effectiveness, Academic Achievement
Peer reviewedMessick, Samuel – Psychometrika, 1981
Bond criticized the base-free measure of change proposed by Tucker, Damarin, and Messick by pointing to an incorrect derivation which is here viewed instead as a correct derivation entailing an inadequately specified assumption. Bond's revision leads to negatively biased estimates, whereas the original approach leads to unbiased estimates.…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Change, Correlation, Mathematical Formulas
Peer reviewedWolfe, Edward W.; Chiu, Chris W. T. – Journal of Outcome Measurement, 1999
Describes a Rasch rating scale analysis of a multi-occasion evaluation that produces confusing results when subjected to separate calibrations. Applies a correction algorithm developed by B. Wright (1996) to show how the Wright algorithm can reduce misfit to the Rasch rating scale model as well as changing the interpretation of change. (SLD)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Change, Evaluation Methods, Item Response Theory
Peer reviewedFischer, Gerhard H.; Ponocny, Ivo – Psychometrika, 1994
An extension to the partial credit model, the linear partial credit model, is considered under the assumption of a certain linear decomposition of the item x category parameters into basic parameters. A conditional maximum likelihood algorithm for estimating basic parameters is presented and illustrated with simulation and an empirical study. (SLD)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Change, Estimation (Mathematics), Item Response Theory
Dunivant, Noel – 1981
The results of six major projects are discussed including a comprehensive mathematical and statistical analysis of the problems caused by errors of measurement in linear models for assessing change. In a general matrix representation of the problem, several new analytic results are proved concerning the parameters which affect bias in…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Analysis of Covariance, Change, Error of Measurement
