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Martyna Daria Swiatczak; Michael Baumgartner – Sociological Methods & Research, 2025
In this paper, we investigate the conditions under which data imbalances, a common data characteristic that occurs when factor values are unevenly distributed, are problematic for the performance of Coincidence Analysis (CNA). We further examine how such imbalances relate to fragmentation and noise in data. We show that even extreme data…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Comparative Analysis, Data Analysis, Statistical Distributions
Judith Glaesser – International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2024
Causal asymmetry is a situation where the causal factors under study are more suitable for explaining the outcome than its absence (or vice versa); they do not explain both equally well. In such a situation, presence of a cause leads to presence of the effect, but absence of the cause may not lead to absence of the effect. A conceptual discussion…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Causal Models, Correlation, Foreign Countries
Baumgartner, Michael; Ambühl, Mathias – Sociological Methods & Research, 2023
Consistency and coverage are two core parameters of model fit used by configurational comparative methods (CCMs) of causal inference. Among causal models that perform equally well in other respects (e.g., robustness or compliance with background theories), those with higher consistency and coverage are typically considered preferable. Finding the…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Evaluation Methods, Goodness of Fit, Scores
Charlotte Z. Mann; Adam C. Sales; Johann A. Gagnon-Bartsch – Grantee Submission, 2025
Combining observational and experimental data for causal inference can improve treatment effect estimation. However, many observational data sets cannot be released due to data privacy considerations, so one researcher may not have access to both experimental and observational data. Nonetheless, a small amount of risk of disclosing sensitive…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Statistical Analysis, Privacy, Risk
Pula, Besnik – International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2021
Comparative and case study researchers have responded to critiques of their methods by developing formal procedures to validate theoretical claims through set theoretical logics of causal conditions. This 'logico-formalist turn' has involved the stricter application of the schemas of set theory and the philosophy of logic to raise validation…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Case Studies, Realism, Social Science Research
Jennifer Hill; George Perrett; Vincent Dorie – Grantee Submission, 2023
Estimation of causal effects requires making comparisons across groups of observations exposed and not exposed to a a treatment or cause (intervention, program, drug, etc). To interpret differences between groups causally we need to ensure that they have been constructed in such a way that the comparisons are "fair." This can be…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Statistical Inference, Artificial Intelligence, Data Analysis
Dae Woong Ham; Luke Miratrix – Grantee Submission, 2024
The consequence of a change in school leadership (e.g., principal turnover) on student achievement has important implications for education policy. The impact of such an event can be estimated via the popular Difference in Difference (DiD) estimator, where those schools with a turnover event are compared to a selected set of schools that did not…
Descriptors: Trend Analysis, Faculty Mobility, Academic Achievement, Principals
Leszczensky, Lars; Wolbring, Tobias – Sociological Methods & Research, 2022
Does "X" affect "Y"? Answering this question is particularly difficult if reverse causality is looming. Many social scientists turn to panel data to address such questions of causal ordering. Yet even in longitudinal analyses, reverse causality threatens causal inference based on conventional panel models. Whereas the…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Causal Models, Comparative Analysis, Statistical Bias
Khajeloo, Mojtaba; Siegel, Marcelle A. – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2022
Concept map (CM) is introduced as a useful tool for studying students' system thinking (ST). However, it is more known to represent students' knowledge of system components and organization and less recognized as a tool to examine and enhance students' understanding about the underlying causal mechanisms in complex systems. In this study, through…
Descriptors: Concept Mapping, Thinking Skills, Systems Approach, Undergraduate Students
Guanglei Hong; Ha-Joon Chung – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
The impact of a major historical event on child and youth development has been of great interest in the study of the life course. This study is focused on assessing the causal effect of the Great Recession on youth disconnection from school and work. Building on the insights offered by the age-period-cohort research, econometric methods, and…
Descriptors: Economic Climate, Gender Differences, Social Class, Developmental Stages
Arel-Bundock, Vincent – Sociological Methods & Research, 2022
Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is an influential methodological approach motivated by set theory and boolean logic. QCA proponents have developed algorithms to analyze quantitative data, in a bid to uncover necessary and sufficient conditions where causal relationships are complex, conditional, or asymmetric. This article uses computer…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Qualitative Research, Attribution Theory, Computer Simulation
Cilesiz, Sebnem; Greckhamer, Thomas – Review of Research in Education, 2020
Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is a set-theoretic configurational approach that uses the logic of Boolean algebra to conceptualize and empirically examine potentially complex causal relations. The potential of this methodological innovation to draw innovative insights toward answering enduring questions and to foster novel research has…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Educational Research, Mathematical Logic, Futures (of Society)
Rohlfing, Ingo; Schneider, Carsten Q. – Sociological Methods & Research, 2018
The combination of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) with process tracing, which we call set-theoretic multimethod research (MMR), is steadily becoming more popular in empirical research. Despite the fact that both methods have an elected affinity based on set theory, it is not obvious how a within-case method operating in a single case and a…
Descriptors: Mixed Methods Research, Qualitative Research, Comparative Analysis, Theories
Gal, Iddo; Geiger, Vince – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 2022
In this article, we report on a typology of the demands of statistical and mathematical products (StaMPs) embedded in media items related to the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. The typology emerged from a content analysis of a large purposive sample of diverse media items selected from digital news sources based in four countries. The findings…
Descriptors: News Media, News Reporting, COVID-19, Pandemics
Baumgartner, Michael; Thiem, Alrik – Sociological Methods & Research, 2017
For many years, sociologists, political scientists, and management scholars have readily relied on Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) for the purpose of configurational causal modeling. However, this article reveals that a severe problem in the application of QCA has gone unnoticed so far: model ambiguities. These arise when multiple causal…
Descriptors: Qualitative Research, Comparative Analysis, Causal Models, Ambiguity (Context)