In depth exploration of how the pandemic has reshaped the education ecosystem over the past three years, especially in the context of the surge in demand for online education courses and learning platforms, this article focuses on the field of student ideological and political education, and innovatively constructs a moral and political education…

Computational strategies and estimating abilities of 466 Japanese students were tested and interviews with a subsample of that group were used to compare with a theoretical model based on a sample from the United States. Results of the comparison of computational and estimating abilities are presented. (CW)