A quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest, non-equivalent control group design was used to examine the effect of a mobile gamification application on third and fourth grade students' Spanish language achievement and student academic self-efficacy. In this study, the treatment group's Spanish language instruction was through the use of…

The research project signifies two concepts which continually play a significant role in education in the ever changing world. On the one hand, there is a significant approach to language learning called learner autonomy; on the other hand, the dramatic increase of interest in computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has affected the education…