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Joseph H. R. Maes; Annette R. Scheper; Daan Hermans; Constance T. W. M. Vissers – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2025
Background: The implicit learning deficit hypothesis claims that impaired implicit learning underlies deficits in social-communicative abilities associated with developmental language disorder (DLD). However, previous research testing this hypothesis revealed inconsistent results and largely used process-impure sequential learning tasks. Aims:…
Descriptors: Language Impairments, Developmental Disabilities, Preadolescents, Early Adolescents
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Griffiths, Oren; Erlinger, May; Beesley, Tom; Le Pelley, Mike E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Within the domain of associative learning, there is substantial evidence that people (and other animals) select among environmental cues on the basis of their reinforcement history. Specifically, people preferentially attend to, and learn about, cueing stimuli that have previously predicted events of consequence (a predictiveness bias). By…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Prediction, Bias, Cues
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Lin, Olivia Y.-H.; MacLeod, Colin M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Three experiments investigated the learning of simple associations in a color-word contingency task. Participants responded manually to the print colors of 3 words, with each word associated strongly to 1 of the 3 colors and weakly to the other 2 colors. Despite the words being irrelevant, response times to high-contingency stimuli and to…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Learning Processes, Contingency Management, Color
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Catmur, Caroline; Heyes, Cecilia – Cognitive Science, 2013
Being imitated has a wide range of pro-social effects, but it is not clear how these effects are mediated. Naturalistic studies of the effects of being imitated have not established whether pro-social outcomes are due to the similarity and/or the contingency between the movements performed by the actor and those of the imitator. Similarity is…
Descriptors: Imitation, Contingency Management, Prosocial Behavior, Cognitive Science
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Kattner, Florian; Ellermeier, Wolfgang; Tavakoli, Paniz – Learning and Motivation, 2012
Whereas previous evaluative conditioning (EC) studies produced inconsistent results concerning the role of contingency knowledge, there are classical eye-blink conditioning studies suggesting that declarative processes are involved in trace conditioning but not in delay conditioning. In two EC experiments pairing neutral sounds (conditioned…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Contingency Management, Role, Correlation
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Hutter, Mandy; Sweldens, Steven; Stahl, Christoph; Unkelbach, Christian; Klauer, Karl Christoph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2012
Whether human evaluative conditioning can occur without contingency awareness has been the subject of an intense and ongoing debate for decades, troubled by a wide array of methodological difficulties. Following recent methodological innovations, the available evidence currently points to the conclusion that evaluative conditioning effects do not…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Evaluation, Contingency Management, Association (Psychology)
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Marcos, Jose L. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
Great controversy exists on whether associative learning occurs without awareness. In Experiment 1, 31 participants received discrimination training by repeated presentations of two stimulus sequences (S1[subscript A] right arrow S2[subscript A], and S1[subscript B] right arrow S2[subscript B]), S1 being a masked stimulus. S2 were imperative…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reaction Time, Associative Learning, Visual Discrimination