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Peer reviewedShaffer, Warren F.; Hasegawa, Carol S. – Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1984
Presented an empathy algorithm, a procedure for deciding whether to use an interchangeable or an additive empathy response and instructions for the construction of each response, to a randomly chosen group of novice counselors (N=23). The experimental group performed significantly better in counseling a role-played client than did controls.…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Counseling Techniques, Counselor Training, Counselors
Shaffer, Warren F.; Penwarden, Jeffry R. – 1981
Twenty-two junior, senior, and graduate students from an introductory counseling class for nonmajors were introduced to the verbal psychotherapies, and randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The groups were treated identically and received the usual instructional program except for the treatment group receiving 30 minutes of…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Control Groups, Counseling Techniques, Counselor Training
