Reports a study that identified elements of surface grammar essential for English-as-a-second-language (ESL) learners' use of communication strategies (CS) in survival situations. The taxonomy developed provided a basis for identifying the semantic components and syntactic structures required to implement the CS. An appropriate sequence is…

This international research report consists of five papers discussing five different topics in education. "Views on the Implementation of the Curriculum--Experiences of the Finnish Practice" (P. Kansanen) analyzes research results regarding the national curriculum for the Finnish comprehensive school system and compares them with a…

In this document black English is discussed in terms of its artistic and creative elements. A schematic design for the analysis of the artistic dimensions of language is presented. The "black" way of saying things, or sense of language, is described as putting a premium not only on how words function but also on how they sound. Various examples of…