To equip students with 21st-century skills, teachers must have both deep STEM content knowledge and the confidence to implement and teach appropriate STEM content. Many elementary teachers have inadequate STEM background knowledge, low confidence, and STEM self-efficacy for implementing STEM in the classroom; as a result, teachers' classroom…

The learning model used by educators only transmits knowledge and does not provide opportunities for students to interact, causing them to lose time to develop their experience in the collaborative learning process. This research aims to improve collaboration skills by implementing a problem-based learning model in grade IV elementary school. The…

The problem-solving ability is still a big problem for students. Many studies show that Indonesian students are still low in solving math problems. One thing that is needed in solving problems is self-resilience, so that students have resilience in facing problems. This study aims to analyze the differences in problem-solving abilities of…

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of problem-based learning on misconceptions and conceptual understanding regarding simple electric circuits. Participants are 54 pre-service primary school teachers enrolled on the "Basic Science in Elementary School" course at a state university. The research employs a nonequivalent…

This article critically examines "Laura's Story: Using Problem-Based Learning in Early Childhood and Primary Teacher Education" by Suzy Edwards and Marie Hammer (2006), highlighting its significant impact on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) research. This seminal work is distinguished by its practical focus on teacher education, using the…

This study aims to examine preferences of teachers for curriculum design approaches in terms of various variables. In this study, the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The population of the study consists of branch teachers working in all types and levels in public schools in the central districts of a…

Metacognition is one of the key learning skills in the 21st century, with a strong potential to help students succeed in science learning. Until now, this metacognitive awareness is less empowered by lecturers in learning. This study aimed to analyze the problem-based learning (PBL) reading-questioning-answering (PBLRQA) model's effect on…

Problem-oriented teaching (POT) activities are important in classroom instruction. The level of student response can be influenced by different teacher behaviours in POT. However, the characteristics of teachers' multimodal behaviours at different levels of response are unclear. This study applied epistemic network analysis to explore the…

This study aims to understand the ways in which problem-based teaching in a mathematics content course can alleviate pre-service elementary school teachers' mathematics anxiety. The significance of this work is to help increase the content and pedagogical knowledge of mathematics education, as outlined in STEM policies. Using a mixed method…

This study explores the integration of culturally responsive mathematical modeling (CRMM) in primary grades to promote racial justice and critical consciousness. The research focuses on how CRMM can support problem-based learning (PBL) by engaging students in analyzing real-world issues through mathematics. CRMM leverages students' cultural…

The decisions that teachers make in transforming the curriculum into specific lesson plans determine the real enactment or otherwise of curricular ideals. These decisions are shaped by the resources available and by each teacher's goals and orientations. This exploratory study employs Schoenfeld's decision-making model to examine how resources,…

The quality of educational work is inextricably linked to many factors at the system, school, teacher, and student levels. This research was carried out within the project 'Education of Teachers as a Factor of Providing High-quality Life-long Learning in the Learning Society/The Society of Fast Socio-economic Changes and Unsure Future', funded by…

The purpose of this article is to document a study where we problematized the notion of meaningful instruction in the context of problem-based learning for culturally and linguistically diverse students. We analyzed 32 lessons with independent measures of the levels of integration of multicultural content and culturally responsive teaching and…

Educators are now moving classroom instructional objectives away from "what content do we need to know" towards "how can we support learners in the process of inquiry." Consequently, an increasing number of schools have revamped their curricula to support students. One such example of modified curricula is the rising trend of…

Problem-based learning (PBL) and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are two acronyms widely visible in education literature today. However, few studies have explored these in connection with one another, specifically with regard to teacher preparation. This study investigated how 47 prospective elementary teachers developed…