Executing actions in a specific order is a critical component of many action sequences that children must acquire, the majority of which are learned through observation and imitation of others. Although a wealth of evidence indicates that children can process and represent temporal order in memory, relatively little is known about the development…

In the ordered RNR/RNN serial pattern task, rats often reduce their running speeds on trial 2 less within the RNR than within the RNN series. Initially, investigators (Capaldi, 1985; Capaldi et al., 1983) considered this trial 2 differential speed effect evidence for rats' anticipation of inter-trial outcomes within each series. Later findings,…

Preschool children divided into three age groups were trained in a stimulus-specific and response-specific seriation-of-length behavior in a typical observational learning paradigm. In three treatment conditions information given to subjects was varied; the fourth served as control. Assessment attempted to determine whether rule learning would be…