Different sources of assessment evidence are reviewed during International Baccalaureate (IB) grade awarding to convert marks into grades and ensure fair results for students. Qualitative and quantitative evidence are analysed to determine grade boundaries, with statistical evidence weighed against examiner judgement and teachers' feedback on…

Twenty-eight studies of grades, over a century, were reviewed using the argument-based approach to validity suggested by Kane as a theoretical framework. The review draws conclusions about the meaning of graded achievement, its relation to tested achievement, and changes in the construct of graded achievement over time. "Graded…

Drawing on the distinction between absent and present presences, this article contributes to our understanding of how new managerial and performative discourses are played out in a secondary school context in Sweden. The consequences of numerous educational reforms during the last 20 years include a surge of new independent schools and increased…

The purpose of the study is to investigate the predictive validity of criterion- and norm-referenced grades and the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT) and, in particular, possible differences in the prediction of achievement in higher education across academic programs. The analyses were based on credit points obtained by 164,106 Swedish…

An instructional methods survey of full-time faculty at five midwestern colleges and universities was conducted during the fall of 1978 in an effort to provide both a description of current instructional practices and an historical perspective on their development over the last quarter century. The survey consists of a list of 42 method items…

Using grade distributions for fall semesters for odd-numbered years from 1955 to 1977, this study presents statistics on grading practices at Los Angeles City College. For each year in the day and evening divisions, the number of A, B, C, D, F, W (withdrawn), WF (failing at the time of withdrawal), WU (dropped for non-attendance), INC…

The Office of Education issues a series of studies on education in other countries. They are based principally on official documentation and other primary sources. The subject is presented within the framework of the political, economic, social, and cultural setting of the particular country. The studies are undertaken to provide information and…