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Held, Leonhard; Matthews, Robert; Ott, Manuela; Pawel, Samuel – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
It is now widely accepted that the standard inferential toolkit used by the scientific research community--null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST)--is not fit for purpose. Yet despite the threat posed to the scientific enterprise, there is no agreement concerning alternative approaches for evidence assessment. This lack of consensus reflects…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Statistical Inference, Hypothesis Testing, Credibility
Thompson, W. Burt – Teaching of Psychology, 2019
When a psychologist announces a new research finding, it is often based on a rejected null hypothesis. However, if that hypothesis is true, the claim is a false alarm. Many students mistakenly believe that the probability of committing a false alarm equals alpha, the criterion for statistical significance, which is typically set at 5%. Instructors…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Hypothesis Testing, Misconceptions, Data Interpretation
Prevodnik, Katja; Vehovar, Vasja – Sociological Methods & Research, 2023
When comparing social science phenomena through a time perspective, absolute and relative difference (RD) are the two typical presentation formats used to communicate interpretations to the audience, while time distance (TD) is the least frequently used of such formats. This article argues that the chosen presentation format is extremely important…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Social Science Research, Public Agencies, College Faculty
Kubsch, Marcus; Stamer, Insa; Steiner, Mara; Neumann, Knut; Parchmann, Ilka – Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 2021
In light of the replication crisis in psychology, null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST) and "p"-values have been heavily criticized and various alternatives have been proposed, ranging from slight modifications of the current paradigm to banning "p"-values from journals. Since the physics education research community…
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Bayesian Statistics, Educational Research, Science Education
Bui, Ngoc H. – Journal of College Reading and Learning, 2017
Studies on reading literacy have yet to connect how students perceive the importance of different literacy areas to their ability perception in those areas. This article analyzes students' importance ranking of four different areas of literacy: prose (comprehending written information), document (interpreting information in forms, schedules,…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Self Efficacy, Reading Attitudes, Prose
Sabat, Isaac E.; Morgan, Whitney B.; Perry, Sara J.; Wang, Ying C. – Journal of Learning in Higher Education, 2015
It is increasingly important for students to develop practiced and applied knowledge, teamwork skills, and civic engagement in addition to core curriculum knowledge in order to be prepared for the demands of the 21st century workforce. We propose that service-learning, or learning through an applied community service project, can uniquely address…
Descriptors: Service Learning, Skill Development, Teamwork, Citizen Participation
Goedert, Kelly M.; Ellefson, Michelle R.; Rehder, Bob – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Individuals have difficulty changing their causal beliefs in light of contradictory evidence. We hypothesized that this difficulty arises because people facing implausible causes give greater consideration to causal alternatives, which, because of their use of a positive test strategy, leads to differential weighting of contingency evidence.…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Inferences, Beliefs, Attitude Change
Hoekstra, Rink; Johnson, Addie; Kiers, Henk A. L. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2012
The use of confidence intervals (CIs) as an addition or as an alternative to null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) has been promoted as a means to make researchers more aware of the uncertainty that is inherent in statistical inference. Little is known, however, about whether presenting results via CIs affects how readers judge the…
Descriptors: Computation, Statistical Analysis, Hypothesis Testing, Statistical Significance
Boden, Gary T. – Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 2012
This study examines a 118-year continuous record of retention and graduation rates at a public university for long-term trends not observable in shorter studies. While the first year retention rates stayed level over much of this period, second year rates increased steadily by 1.2% per decade. In contrast, graduation rates at 4 years compared to 6…
Descriptors: Public Colleges, School Holding Power, Academic Persistence, Graduation Rate
Sao Pedro, Michael A.; Baker, Ryan S. J. d.; Gobert, Janice D. – Grantee Submission, 2012
Data-mined models often achieve good predictive power, but sometimes at the cost of interpretability. We investigate here if selecting features to increase a model's construct validity and interpretability also can improve the model's ability to predict the desired constructs. We do this by taking existing models and reducing the feature set to…
Descriptors: Content Validity, Data Interpretation, Models, Predictive Validity
Cognitive Biases in the Interpretation of Autonomic Arousal: A Test of the Construal Bias Hypothesis
Ciani, Keith D.; Easter, Matthew A.; Summers, Jessica J.; Posada, Maria L. – Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2009
According to Bandura's construal bias hypothesis, derived from social cognitive theory, persons with the same heightened state of autonomic arousal may experience either pleasant or deleterious emotions depending on the strength of perceived self-efficacy. The current study tested this hypothesis by proposing that college students' preexisting…
Descriptors: Research Universities, Self Efficacy, Interpersonal Relationship, Epistemology
Shannon, Li-Jen; Schneider, Solomon; Bennett, Judith F. – Information Systems Education Journal, 2010
This study examined the status of critical thinking (CT) and reasoning skills in information communication and technology (ICT) for 190 college students in a higher education system. It analyzed how the students performed in CT, reasoning, and internet copyright and ethical issues. A CT assessment was designed to analyze the CT and reasoning…
Descriptors: College Students, Information Technology, Critical Thinking, Abstract Reasoning
Lane, Kathleen Lynne; Rogers, Leslie A.; Parks, Robin J.; Weisenbach, Jessica L.; Mau, Ann C.; Merwin, Megan T.; Bergman, Wendy A. – Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 2007
This article illustrates how to (a) use schoolwide data to monitor student responsiveness to primary and secondary prevention efforts to identify students for tertiary preventions and (b) design, implement, and evaluate a function-based intervention in collaboration with two general education teachers, who served as the primary interventionists.…
Descriptors: Student Behavior, Intervention, Prevention, Behavior Problems
Stanger-Hall, Kathrin; Merriam, Jennifer; Greuling, Ruth Ann – Journal of College Science Teaching, 2007
In this case study, based on the reported rediscovery of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker in April 2005, students examine a real-world example of the scientific process and explore the practical implications of their conclusions. The case tells the story of Brad Murky, a student and research assistant who must decide whether the available evidence is…
Descriptors: Ornithology, Animals, Research Assistants, Case Studies

Pavur, Robert; Nath, Ravinder – Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1984
Several general correlation patterns are shown which give exact F tests in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure. They are the most general correlation patterns one can assume in a one-way and two-way layout and still have the F tests be valid. (Author/BW)
Descriptors: Analysis of Covariance, Analysis of Variance, Correlation, Data Interpretation
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