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Jeff Moher; Anna Delos Reyes; Trafton Drew – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Irrelevant salient distractors can trigger early quitting in visual search, causing observers to miss targets they might otherwise find. Here, we asked whether task-relevant salient cues can produce a similar early quitting effect on the subset of trials where those cues fail to highlight the target. We presented participants with a difficult…
Descriptors: Attention, Cues, Environmental Influences, Visual Perception
Chan, Louis K. H.; Chan, Winnie W. L. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
From infrared body temperature surveillance to lifeguarding, real-life visual search is usually continuous and comes with rare targets. Previous research has examined realistic search tasks involving separate slides (such as baggage screening and radiography), but search tasks that require continuous monitoring have generally received less…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Identification, Reaction Time, Color
Branch, Fallon; Lewis, Allison JoAnna; Santana, Isabella Noel; Hegdé, Jay – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Camouflage-breaking is a special case of visual search where an object of interest, or target, can be hard to distinguish from the background even when in plain view. We have previously shown that naive, non-professional subjects can be trained using a deep learning paradigm to accurately perform a camouflage-breaking task in which they report…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Accuracy, Identification, Expertise
Price, Heather L.; Tottenham, Laurie Sykes; Hatin, Bianca; Fitzgerald, Ryan J.; Rubínová, Eva – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2022
Witnesses to crime often experience stress during the witnessed event. However, most laboratory studies examining eyewitness memory do not include a stressful encoding event. Participants (N = 129) completed an experimental stress induction procedure--a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test. We designed three conditions to manipulate…
Descriptors: Anxiety, Visual Perception, Identification, Laboratories
Growns, Bethany; Kukucka, Jeff – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2021
The "prevalence effect" is a phenomenon whereby target prevalence impacts performance in visual search (e.g., baggage screening) and visual comparison (e.g., face-matching) tasks -- people more often 'miss' infrequent target stimuli. The current study investigated prevalence effects in fingerprint identification -- an important visual…
Descriptors: Incidence, Identification, Visual Perception, Crime
Manley, Krista D.; Chan, Jason C. K.; Wells, Gary L. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Research has consistently shown that concealing facial features can hinder subsequent identification. The widespread adoption of face masks due to the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical and urgent need to discover techniques to improve identification of people wearing face coverings. Despite years of research on face recognition and…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Recognition (Psychology), Identification, COVID-19
Kleider-Offutt, Heather; Meacham, Ashley M.; Branum-Martin, Lee; Capodanno, Megan – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Faces judged as stereotypically Black are perceived negatively relative to less stereotypical faces. In this experiment, artificial faces were constructed to examine the effects of nose width, lip fullness, and skin reflectance, as well as to study the relations among perceived dominance, threat, and Black stereotypicality. Using a multilevel…
Descriptors: Ethnic Stereotypes, Human Body, Identification, Visual Perception
Guillaume, Mathieu; Hendryckx, Charlotte; Beuel, Anthony; Van Rinsveld, Amandine; Content, Alain – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
In the field of numerical cognition, researchers conventionally assess nonsymbolic numerical abilities with the help of number comparison tasks, in which participants need to compare two arrays. Many studies emphasized that visual (non-numerical) dimensions can serve as strategic cues and influence the decision on numerosity in these tasks. In…
Descriptors: Numbers, Change, Visual Perception, Identification
Grady, Justin N.; Cox, Patrick H.; Nag, Samoni; Mitroff, Stephen R. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Visual search--looking for targets among distractors--underlies many critical professions (e.g., radiology, aviation security) that demand optimal performance. As such, it is important to identify, understand, and ameliorate negative factors such as fatigue--mental and/or physical tiredness that leads to diminished function. One way to reduce the…
Descriptors: Fatigue (Biology), Self Control, Planning, Personality Traits
Sunde, Eleah; Briggs, Adam M.; Mitteer, Daniel R. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2022
Prior research has evaluated the reliability and validity of structured visual inspection (SVI) criteria for interpreting functional analysis (FA) outcomes (Hagopian et al., 1997; Roane et al., 2013). We adapted these criteria to meet the unique needs of interpreting latency-based FA outcomes and examined the reliability and validity of applying…
Descriptors: Reliability, Validity, Visual Perception, Evaluation Criteria
Garcia-Marques, Teresa; Oliveira, Manuel; Nunes, Ludmila – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Previous research has mostly approached face recognition and target identification by focusing on face perception mechanisms, but memory mechanisms also appear to play a role. Here, we examined how the presence of a mask interferes with the memory mechanisms involved in face recognition, focusing on the dynamic interplay between encoding and…
Descriptors: Recognition (Psychology), Human Body, Cognitive Processes, Memory
Trinh, Anita; Dunn, James D.; White, David – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Matching the identity of unfamiliar faces is important in applied identity verification tasks, for example when verifying photo ID at border crossings, in secure access areas, or when issuing identity credentials. In these settings, other biographical details--such as name or date of birth on an identity document--are also often compared to…
Descriptors: Identification, Task Analysis, Human Body, Recognition (Psychology)
Patton, Colleen E.; Wickens, Christopher D.; Clegg, Benjamin A.; Noble, Kayla M.; Smith, C. A. P. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Previous research suggests people struggle to detect a series of movements that might imply hostile intentions of a vessel, yet this ability is crucial in many real world Naval scenarios. To investigate possible mechanisms for improving performance, participants engaged in a simple, simulated ship movement task. One of two hostile behaviors were…
Descriptors: Social Cognition, Intention, Psychological Patterns, Antisocial Behavior
Eder, Thésése F.; Scheiter, Katharina; Richter, Juliane; Keutel, Constanze; Hüttig, Fabian – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2022
Background: When interpreting medical images such as dental panoramic radiographs (Orthopanthomogram, OPT), errors are frequent. Previous research has shown that eye movement modelling examples (EMME) are a supportive training method for medical image interpretation to reduce errors. To date, EMME support for OPTs has not been verified.…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Dentistry, Visual Aids, Radiology
Zappullo, Isa; Senese, Vincenzo Paolo; Milo, Rosa; Positano, Monica; Cecere, Roberta; Raimo, Gennaro; Conson, Massimiliano – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2023
Inconsistent data are available on mental rotation performance in neurotypicals with high autistic-like traits. Here, we tested whether global-local visual processing abilities mediate the influence of specific autistic-like trait domains (social skill, attention switching, attention-to-detail, communication, and imagination) on mental rotation.…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Accuracy, Cognitive Ability