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Ori Ossmy; Danyang Han; Patrick MacAlpine; Justine Hoch; Peter Stone; Karen E. Adolph – Developmental Science, 2024
What is the optimal penalty for errors in infant skill learning? Behavioral analyses indicate that errors are frequent but trivial as infants acquire foundational skills. In learning to walk, for example, falling is commonplace but appears to incur only a negligible penalty. Behavioral data, however, cannot reveal whether a low penalty for falling…
Descriptors: Physical Activities, Robotics, Error Patterns, Infants
Zhang, Felicia; Jaffe-Dax, Sagi; Wilson, Robert C.; Emberson, Lauren L. – Developmental Science, 2019
Adults use both bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down signals to generate predictions about future sensory inputs. Infants have also been shown to make predictions with simple stimuli and recent work has suggested top-down processing is available early in infancy. However, it is unknown whether this indicates that top-down prediction is an ability…
Descriptors: Prediction, Infants, Adults, Eye Movements
McDonald, Margarethe; Kwon, Taeahn; Kim, Hyunji; Lee, Youngki; Ko, Eon-Suk – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021
Purpose: The algorithm of the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system for calculating language environment measures was trained on American English; thus, its validity with other languages cannot be assumed. This article evaluates the accuracy of the LENA system applied to Korean. Method: We sampled sixty 5-min recording clips involving 38 key…
Descriptors: Computational Linguistics, Korean, Audio Equipment, Accuracy
Von Holzen, Katie; van Ommen, Sandrien; White, Katherine S.; Nazzi, Thierry – Language Learning and Development, 2023
Successful word recognition requires that listeners attend to differences that are phonemic in the language while also remaining flexible to the variation introduced by different voices and accents. Previous work has demonstrated that American-English-learning 19-month-olds are able to balance these demands: although one-off one-feature…
Descriptors: Pronunciation, Vowels, Phonology, Phonemes
Sultana, Asifa – Language Learning and Development, 2021
Crosslinguistic research into language development reveals that typological features determine children's developmental patterns to a large extent. The present study examines the early morphological development in the verb inflectional paradigm in Bangla. Data from the first 6 months since the emergence of two-word combinations were collected from…
Descriptors: Verbs, Morphology (Languages), Indo European Languages, Language Acquisition
Lancaster, Hope Sparks; Lien, Kari M.; Chow, Jason C.; Frey, Jennifer R.; Scherer, Nancy J.; Kaiser, Ann P. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2020
Objective: The aim of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis of research examining the early speech and language functioning of young children, birth to age 8;11 (years;months), with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) compared to their peers without NSCL/P. Method: We conducted a random-effects metaregression using 241 effect sizes…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Speech Communication, Infants, Toddlers
Ylinen, Sari; Bosseler, Alexis; Junttila, Katja; Huotilainen, Minna – Developmental Science, 2017
The ability to predict future events in the environment and learn from them is a fundamental component of adaptive behavior across species. Here we propose that inferring predictions facilitates speech processing and word learning in the early stages of language development. Twelve- and 24-month olds' electrophysiological brain responses to heard…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Language Acquisition, Prediction, Coding
Wong, Puisan; Ng, Kelly Wing Sum – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2018
Purpose: The function of child-directed speech has been debated for decades. This study examined the perceptual and acoustic characteristics of child- and adult-directed Cantonese tones to test the hyperarticulation and prosodic hypotheses that have been proposed to account for the acoustic modifications in child-directed speech. Method: Sixty-two…
Descriptors: Intonation, Phonetics, Sino Tibetan Languages, Accuracy
Addyman, Caspar; Rocha, Sinead; Mareschal, Denis – Developmental Psychology, 2014
Time is central to any understanding of the world. In adults, estimation errors grow linearly with the length of the interval, much faster than would be expected of a clock-like mechanism. Here we present the first direct demonstration that this is also true in human infants. Using an eye-tracking paradigm, we examined 4-, 6-, 10-, and…
Descriptors: Time, Infants, Eye Movements, Age Differences
Pierce, Lara J.; Genesee, Fred; Paradis, Johanne – Journal of Child Language, 2013
Acquisition of English grammatical morphology was examined in five internationally adopted (IA) children from China (aged 0;10-1;1 at adoption) during the first three years' exposure to English to determine whether acquisition patterns were characteristic of child second language (L2) learners or monolingual first language (L1) learners. Results…
Descriptors: Grammar, Morphology (Languages), English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Boyer, Ty W.; Pan, J. Samantha; Bertenthal, Bennett I. – Cognition, 2011
Recent research suggests that 9-month-old infants tested in a modified version of the A-not-B search task covertly imitate actions performed by the experimenter. The current study examines whether infants also simulate actions performed by mechanical devices, and whether this varies with whether or not they have been familiarized with the devices…
Descriptors: Infants, Task Analysis, Cognitive Processes, Simulation
Hambly, Helen; Wren, Yvonne; McLeod, Sharynne; Roulstone, Sue – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2013
Background: Children who are bilingual and have speech sound disorder are likely to be under-referred, possibly due to confusion about typical speech acquisition in bilingual children. Aims: To investigate what is known about the impact of bilingualism on children's acquisition of speech in English to facilitate the identification and treatment of…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Speech Communication, Speech Impairments, Language Acquisition
Longo, Matthew R.; Bertenthal, Bennett I. – Infancy, 2006
Do 9-month-old infants motorically simulate actions they perceive others perform? Two experiments tested whether action observation, like overt reaching, is sufficient to elicit the Piagetian A-not-B error. Infants recovered a toy hidden at location A or observed an experimenter recover the toy. After the toy was hidden at location B, infants in…
Descriptors: Observation, Error Patterns, Infants, Toys
Szagun, Gisela; Stumper, Barbara; Sondag, Nina; Franik, Melanie – Journal of Child Language, 2007
The acquisition of noun gender on articles was studied in a sample of 21 young German-speaking children. Longitudinal spontaneous speech data were used. Data analysis is based on 22 two-hourly speech samples per child from 6 children between 1 ; 4 and 3 ; 8 and on 5 two-hourly speech samples per child from 15 children between 1 ; 4 and 2 ; 10. The…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Phonology, Nouns, Data Analysis

Aguiar, Adrea; Baillargeon, Renee – Cognition, 2003
Five experiments demonstrated that 6.5-month-olds perseverated in a violation-of-expectation task to examine reasoning about width information in containment events. After watching a familiarization event in which a ball was lowered into a wide container, infants failed to detect the violation when the same ball was lowered into a container half…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Error Patterns, Expectation, Infant Behavior
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