Complex dynamic systems offer a rich platform for understanding the individual or the person-specific mechanisms. Yet, in learning analytics research and education at large, a complex dynamic system has rarely been framed, developed, or used to understand the individual student where the learning process takes place. Individual (or…

Discusses the field of instructional systems technology (IST) and suggests the need for new models of learning. The change in learning psychology from behaviorism to cognitive psychology is described, a constructivistic approach to IST is explained, and cognitive tools including intelligent tutoring systems are considered. (Nine references) (LRW)

Arguing that the evolution of intelligent tutoring systems better reflects the recent theoretical developments of cognitive science than traditional computer-based instruction (CBI), this paper describes a general model for an intelligent tutoring system and suggests ways to improve CBI using design principles derived from research in cognitive…

Presents and develops a general model of the nature of a learning system and a classification for learning systems. Highlights include the relationship between artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology; computer-based instructional systems; intelligent instructional systems; and the role of the learner's knowledge base in an intelligent…

Examines the functional characteristics of intelligent computer assisted instruction (ICAI) and discusses the requirements of a multidisciplinary cooperative effort of its development. A typical ICAI model is presented and intelligent features of ICAI systems are described, including modeling the student's learning process, qualitative decision…

Outlines Component Design Theory, which is based on the author's earlier Component Display Theory, and provides the instructional design guidance needed for experiential computer based instructional systems. Highlights include a contrast between tutorial and experiential instructional models, content structures, consistency rules, instructional…

Describes the theoretical framework of a research project aimed at exploring the new potentials for instructional systems offered by videodisc technology and artificial intelligence. A prototype of an intelligent tutoring system, "Earth," is described, and types of interactions in instructional systems are discussed as they relate to the…

An instructional system that is both efficient and effective should present information so that it is easily processed by learners and so that the cognitive structures resulting from instruction correspond to the structure of the content to be learned. This paper presents a discussion of methods for describing content structure and cognitive…

The Training Effectiveness, Cost Effectiveness Technique for choosing instructional delivery systems for proposed training programs during conceptual design phase is outlined, in three steps. Training objectives are classified and organized into groups, appropriate learning strategies are identified, and the costs of alternative forms of training…

Describes algorithms and shows how they can be applied to the design of instructional systems by relating them to a standard information processing model. Two studies are briefly described which tested serial and parallel processing in learning and offered guidelines for designers. Future research needs are also discussed. (LRW)

Presents a detailed description of an instructional design model called ADAPT (Apply Delayed Automatization for Positive Transfer), which offers guidelines for the development of instructional systems that offer transfer of learned skills. The cognitive architecture is described, the process of skill acquisition is discussed, and two illustrative…

Instructor diagnosis of pilot trainee errors was studied in the context of instrument flying using a computer simulation system called ORLY. ORLY was used to record student pilot runs on a number of instrument flying tasks. These runs were subsequently replayed to instructor pilots who diagnosed student errors and hypothesized the underlying…

An investigation of learning styles was jointly conducted by the Fox Valley Technical Institute and the Center for Vocational Technical and Adult Education at the University of Wisconsin at Stout. After a study of learning styles, a computerized model to manage an instructional system was developed. Analysis of information necessary to manage a…

The effects of observing a model and of providing a response rule on the learning, transfer, and retention of a dial-reading, numerical concept were studied in 144 third-graders. Different experimenters conducted the immediate learning procedures versus the measurements of retention. No extrinsic reinforcers were promised or dispensed. The…

Strategies are presented for the following classes of training objectives: recall of knowledge, use of verbal information, rule learning and use, decision making, detecting, classifying, identifying symbols, voice communication, recall of procedures and positioning, steering and guiding, continuous movement, and performance of gross motor skills.…