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Smid, Claire R.; Kool, Wouter; Hauser, Tobias U.; Steinbeis, Nikolaus – Developmental Science, 2023
Human decision-making is underpinned by distinct systems that differ in flexibility and associated cognitive cost. A widely accepted dichotomy distinguishes between a cheap but rigid model-free system and a flexible but costly model-based system. Typically, humans use a hybrid of both types of decision-making depending on environmental demands.…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Models, Abstract Reasoning, Young Children
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Kahn, Joshua D.; Bullis, Michael D. – Leadership and Policy in Schools, 2023
In this integrative literature review, we synthesize the scant literature from the last 40 years of educational research on how school principals make difficult decisions. Reviewing 15 peer-reviewed articles, articles were coded for the methods used and their substantive findings. We review sampling techniques, the types of problems and methods…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Decision Making, Principals, Models
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Roger Ratcliff; Gail McKoon – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
There has been considerable interest in what components of decision-making change when speed or accuracy is stressed. In many early studies, quite strict assumptions were made about parameter invariance across experimental conditions (sometimes called selective influence). Here we fit the standard diffusion model to the data from four large…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Decision Making, Accuracy, Aging (Individuals)
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Mahmoud Abdasalam; Ahmad Alzubi; Kolawole Iyiola – Education and Information Technologies, 2025
This study introduces an optimized ensemble deep neural network (Optimized Ensemble Deep-NN) to enhance the accuracy of predicting student grades. This model solves the problem of different and complicated student performance data by using deep neural networks, ensemble learning, and a number of optimization algorithms, such as Adam, SGD, and RMS…
Descriptors: Grades (Scholastic), Prediction, Accuracy, Artificial Intelligence
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Ane Eir Torsdottir; Astrid Tonette Sinnes; Daniel Olsson; Arjen Wals – Environmental Education Research, 2024
The article demonstrates how a questionnaire gauging students' experiences of participation in decision-making at their school can operationalise student participation in a whole school approach (WSA) to education for sustainable development model. Some 902 students in three upper secondary schools participated in the study by giving their answers…
Descriptors: Student Participation, Sustainability, Decision Making, Sustainable Development
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Clara Fontdevila; Antoni Verger – Comparative Education Review, 2025
Although the role of international organizations in the diffusion of education policy is widely acknowledged, their role in the articulation of policy ideas remains comparatively underresearched. This article addresses this gap through a case study on the role of the OECD in the construction of the School Autonomy with Accountability policy…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Policy Formation, Models, International Organizations
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Laura E. Matzen; Zoe N. Gastelum; Breannan C. Howell; Kristin M. Divis; Mallory C. Stites – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
This study addressed the cognitive impacts of providing correct and incorrect machine learning (ML) outputs in support of an object detection task. The study consisted of five experiments that manipulated the accuracy and importance of mock ML outputs. In each of the experiments, participants were given the T and L task with T-shaped targets and…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Error Patterns, Decision Making, Models
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Xia, Xiaona – Interactive Learning Environments, 2023
The research of multi-category learning behaviors is a hot issue in interactive learning environment, and there are many challenges in data statistics and relationship modeling. We select the massive learning behaviors data of multiple periods and courses and study the decision application of regression analysis. First, based on the definition of…
Descriptors: Learning Analytics, Decision Making, Regression (Statistics), Bayesian Statistics
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Dawn Teuscher; Shannon Dingman; Porter Nielsen; Kate Webster Green; Erika Miller – Mathematics Teacher: Learning and Teaching PK-12, 2025
This article presents a curricular reasoning model developed based on research conducted with middle grades teachers as they planned, taught, and reflected on a geometric transformations unit. Teachers can use the model to become aware of their own curricular reasoning to make key mathematical decisions as they plan and teach their lessons. While…
Descriptors: Curriculum Development, Lesson Plans, Geometry, Mathematics Instruction
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Ramírez-Ruiz, Jorge; Moreno-Bote, Rubén – Cognitive Science, 2022
When facing many options, we narrow down our focus to very few of them. Although behaviors like this can be a sign of heuristics, they can actually be optimal under limited cognitive resources. Here, we study the problem of how to optimally allocate limited sampling time to multiple options, modeled as accumulators of noisy evidence, to determine…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Heuristics, Cognitive Processes, Models
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Perry-Hazan, Lotem; Somech, Anit – Educational Review, 2023
The study of student participation in decision making has been characterised by conceptual vagueness and an absence of empirical tools to compare participatory practices in various contexts and to determine when they achieve their goals. This study presents an integrative theoretical model grounded in the organisational literature on participative…
Descriptors: Student Participation, Participative Decision Making, Models, Organizational Culture
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Mehmet Fatih Ozmantar; Medine Coskun; Ali Bozkurt – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 2025
This paper investigates how mathematics teachers describe their ethical decision making related to instructional practices, drawing on frameworks that incorporate both rational and non-rational approaches. We employed a multiple-case study method, selecting three teachers as cases through criterion sampling. Data were collected via four…
Descriptors: Mathematics Teachers, Ethics, Decision Making, Educational Practices
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Tenko Raykov; Christine DiStefano; Lisa Calvocoressi – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2024
This note demonstrates that the widely used Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) need not be generally viewed as a routinely dependable index for model selection when the bifactor and second-order factor models are examined as rival means for data description and explanation. To this end, we use an empirically relevant setting with…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Models, Decision Making, Comparative Analysis
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Donzallaz, Michelle C.; Haaf, Julia M.; Stevenson, Claire E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
When producing creative ideas (i.e., ideas that are original and useful) two main processes occur: ideation, where people brainstorm ideas, and evaluation, where they decide if the ideas are creative or not. While much is known about the ideation phase, the cognitive processes involved in creativity evaluation are less clear. In this article, we…
Descriptors: Creativity, Evaluation, Creative Thinking, Models
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Demirtas-Zorbaz, Selen; Korkut-Owen, Fidan; Arici-Sahin, Fatma; Mutlu, Tansu – British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 2023
We examined the effects of a five-week psychoeducational programme based on the Career Sailboat model on career decision-making self-efficacy levels of Turkish university students in their job-seeking phase. Twenty-six university students were assigned to one of three groups: experimental group (EG) (n = 9), the placebo group (PG) (n = 7) and the…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Self Efficacy, Job Applicants, College Students
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