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Daniel P. Jurich; Matthew J. Madison – Educational Assessment, 2023
Diagnostic classification models (DCMs) are psychometric models that provide probabilistic classifications of examinees on a set of discrete latent attributes. When analyzing or constructing assessments scored by DCMs, understanding how each item influences attribute classifications can clarify the meaning of the measured constructs, facilitate…
Descriptors: Test Items, Models, Classification, Influences
Engelhard, George – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2023
The purpose of this study is to introduce a functional approach for modeling unfolding response data. Functional data analysis (FDA) has been used for examining cumulative item response data, but a functional approach has not been systematically used with unfolding response processes. A brief overview of FDA is presented and illustrated within the…
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Models, Responses, Test Items
Sohee Kim; Ki Lynn Cole – International Journal of Testing, 2025
This study conducted a comprehensive comparison of Item Response Theory (IRT) linking methods applied to a bifactor model, examining their performance on both multiple choice (MC) and mixed format tests within the common item nonequivalent group design framework. Four distinct multidimensional IRT linking approaches were explored, consisting of…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Comparative Analysis, Models, Item Analysis
Kasli, Murat; Zopluoglu, Cengiz; Toton, Sarah L. – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2023
Response times (RTs) have recently attracted a significant amount of attention in the literature as they may provide meaningful information about item preknowledge. In this study, a new model, the Deterministic Gated Lognormal Response Time (DG-LNRT) model, is proposed to identify examinees with item preknowledge using RTs. The proposed model was…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Test Items, Models, Familiarity
Aiman Mohammad Freihat; Omar Saleh Bani Yassin – Educational Process: International Journal, 2025
Background/purpose: This study aimed to reveal the accuracy of estimation of multiple-choice test items parameters following the models of the item-response theory in measurement. Materials/methods: The researchers depended on the measurement accuracy indicators, which express the absolute difference between the estimated and actual values of the…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Computation, Multiple Choice Tests, Test Items
A Method for Generating Course Test Questions Based on Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning
Hei-Chia Wang; Yu-Hung Chiang; I-Fan Chen – Education and Information Technologies, 2024
Assessment is viewed as an important means to understand learners' performance in the learning process. A good assessment method is based on high-quality examination questions. However, generating high-quality examination questions manually by teachers is a time-consuming task, and it is not easy for students to obtain question banks. To solve…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Test Construction, Test Items, Models
Jiawei Xiong; George Engelhard; Allan S. Cohen – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2025
It is common to find mixed-format data results from the use of both multiple-choice (MC) and constructed-response (CR) questions on assessments. Dealing with these mixed response types involves understanding what the assessment is measuring, and the use of suitable measurement models to estimate latent abilities. Past research in educational…
Descriptors: Responses, Test Items, Test Format, Grade 8
Xiaowen Liu – International Journal of Testing, 2024
Differential item functioning (DIF) often arises from multiple sources. Within the context of multidimensional item response theory, this study examined DIF items with varying secondary dimensions using the three DIF methods: SIBTEST, Mantel-Haenszel, and logistic regression. The effect of the number of secondary dimensions on DIF detection rates…
Descriptors: Item Analysis, Test Items, Item Response Theory, Correlation
Xiangyi Liao; Daniel M Bolt – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2024
Traditional approaches to the modeling of multiple-choice item response data (e.g., 3PL, 4PL models) emphasize slips and guesses as random events. In this paper, an item response model is presented that characterizes both disjunctively interacting guessing and conjunctively interacting slipping processes as proficiency-related phenomena. We show…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Test Items, Error Correction, Guessing (Tests)
Gorney, Kylie; Wollack, James A. – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2023
In order to detect a wide range of aberrant behaviors, it can be useful to incorporate information beyond the dichotomous item scores. In this paper, we extend the l[subscript z] and l*[subscript z] person-fit statistics so that unusual behavior in item scores and unusual behavior in item distractors can be used as indicators of aberrance. Through…
Descriptors: Test Items, Scores, Goodness of Fit, Statistics
Su, Kun; Henson, Robert A. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2023
This article provides a process to carefully evaluate the suitability of a content domain for which diagnostic classification models (DCMs) could be applicable and then optimized steps for constructing a test blueprint for applying DCMs and a real-life example illustrating this process. The content domains were carefully evaluated using a set of…
Descriptors: Classification, Models, Science Tests, Physics
Kuan-Yu Jin; Wai-Lok Siu – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2025
Educational tests often have a cluster of items linked by a common stimulus ("testlet"). In such a design, the dependencies caused between items are called "testlet effects." In particular, the directional testlet effect (DTE) refers to a recursive influence whereby responses to earlier items can positively or negatively affect…
Descriptors: Models, Test Items, Educational Assessment, Scores
Mingfeng Xue; Ping Chen – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2025
Response styles pose great threats to psychological measurements. This research compares IRTree models and anchoring vignettes in addressing response styles and estimating the target traits. It also explores the potential of combining them at the item level and total-score level (ratios of extreme and middle responses to vignettes). Four models…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Models, Comparative Analysis, Vignettes
Gregory M. Hurtz; Regi Mucino – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2024
The Lognormal Response Time (LNRT) model measures the speed of test-takers relative to the normative time demands of items on a test. The resulting speed parameters and model residuals are often analyzed for evidence of anomalous test-taking behavior associated with fast and poorly fitting response time patterns. Extending this model, we…
Descriptors: Student Reaction, Reaction Time, Response Style (Tests), Test Items
Jochen Ranger; Christoph König; Benjamin W. Domingue; Jörg-Tobias Kuhn; Andreas Frey – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2024
In the existing multidimensional extensions of the log-normal response time (LNRT) model, the log response times are decomposed into a linear combination of several latent traits. These models are fully compensatory as low levels on traits can be counterbalanced by high levels on other traits. We propose an alternative multidimensional extension…
Descriptors: Models, Statistical Distributions, Item Response Theory, Response Rates (Questionnaires)