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Liefooghe, Baptist; Hughes, Sean; Schmidt, James R.; De Houwer, Jan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Automaticity can be established by consistently reinforcing contingencies during practice. During reinforcement learning, however, new relations can also be derived, which were never directly reinforced. For instance, reinforcing the overlapping contingencies A [right arrow] B and A [right arrow] C, can lead to a new relation B-C, which was never…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Visual Stimuli, Interference (Learning), Reaction Time
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Campos, Heloisa Cursi; Debert, Paula; Barros, Romariz da Silva; McIlvane, William J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
A go/no-go procedure with compound stimuli typically establishes emergent behavior that parallels in structure and typical outcome that of conventional tests for symmetric, transitive, and equivalence relations in normally capable adults. The present study employed a go/no-go compound stimulus procedure with pigeons. During training, pecks to…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Mental Retardation, Animals, Animal Behavior
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Daum, Moritz M.; Prinz, Wolfgang; Aschersleben, Gisa – Infancy, 2009
In 2 experiments, the interplay of action perception and action production was investigated in 6-month-old infants. In Experiment 1, infants received 2 versions of a means-end task in counterbalanced order. In the action perception version, a preferential looking paradigm in which infants were shown an actor performing means-end behavior with an…
Descriptors: Infants, Toys, Visual Stimuli, Reinforcement
Murphy, Carol; Barnes-Holmes, Dermot – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2009
In Experiment 1, "more" and "less" relations were trained for arbitrary Stimuli A1 and A2 with 3 children with autism. The following conditional discriminations were then trained: A1-B1, A2-B2, B1-C1, B2-C2. In subsequent tests, participants showed derived more-less mands (mand with C1 for more and mand with C2 for less). A training procedure…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Feedback (Response), Autism, Operant Conditioning
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Urcuioli, Peter J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
Five experiments assessed associative symmetry in pigeons. In Experiments 1A, 1B and 2, pigeons learned two-alternative symbolic matching with identical sample- and comparison-response requirements and with matching stimuli appearing in all possible locations. Despite controlling for the nature of the functional stimuli and insuring all requisite…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research, Training
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Singer, Rebecca A.; Berry, Laura M.; Zentall, Thomas R. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Several types of contrast effects have been identified including incentive contrast, anticipatory contrast, and behavioral contrast. Clement, Feltus, Kaiser, and Zentall (2000) proposed a type of contrast that appears to be different from these others and called it within-trial contrast. In this form of contrast the relative value of a reinforcer…
Descriptors: Preferences, Stimuli, Reinforcement, Animals
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Simer, Nancy; Cuvo, Anthony J. – Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2009
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends vision screening of all children between 3 and 5 years of age, and states have mandated vision screening for all school children. Participants were three 4-6-year old school children with either a developmental delay or autism who scored "could not test" on the state required vision screening.…
Descriptors: Intervention, Vision Tests, Developmental Disabilities, Visual Discrimination
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Young, Michael E.; Beckmann, Joshua S.; Wasserman, Edward A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
We trained four pigeons to discriminate a Michotte launching animation from three other animations using a go/no-go task. The pigeons received food for pecking at one of the animations, but not for pecking at the others. The four animations featured two types of interactions among objects: causal (direct launching) and noncausal (delayed, distal,…
Descriptors: Interaction, Animal Behavior, Animals, Behavioral Science Research
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Alsop, Brent; Porritt, Melissa – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
Three pigeons discriminated between two sample stimuli (intensities of red light). The difficulty of the discrimination was varied over four levels. At each level, the relative reinforcer magnitude for the two correct responses was varied across conditions, and the reinforcer rates were equal. Within levels, discriminability between the sample…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Reinforcement, Animals, Animal Behavior
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Chelonis, John J.; Bastilla, Jairo E.; Brown, Melissa M.; Gardner, Eunice S. – Psychological Record, 2007
The present study examined how the magnitude of time-out duration following incorrect responses affected the ability of adults to learn simple visual discriminations. Sixty-four college students were randomly assigned to one of four groups that received a 0-, 5-, 10-, or 20-s time-out duration after an incorrect response. Each participant…
Descriptors: Visual Discrimination, Timeout, Conceptual Tempo, Time Factors (Learning)
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Mulvaney, Dallas E.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1981
Two normal and two mentally retarded children were trained to earn pennies by pressing a key according to a multiple variable-interval extinction schedule of reinforcement. Retarded children differed from normal children by producing more positive than negative discriminative stimuli. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Children, Comparative Analysis, Discrimination Learning, Mental Retardation
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Harris, Larry P. – American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1980
Eighteen profoundly retarded men (mean age 41) were given repeated presentations of a two-choice visual discrimination using a modified Wisconsin General Test Apparatus and two probabilistic reinforcement schedules counterbalanced for order. (Author)
Descriptors: Attention, Behavior Patterns, Institutionalized Persons, Learning Theories
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Crowley, Michael A.; Donahoe, John W. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2004
Choice typically is studied by exposing organisms to concurrent variable-interval schedules in which not only responses controlled by stimuli on the key are acquired but also switching responses and likely other operants as well. In the present research, discriminated key-pecking responses in pigeons were first acquired using a multiple schedule…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Generalization, Behavioral Science Research, Animals
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Knight, Marcia S.; Rosenblatt, Laurence – American Annals of the Deaf, 1983
Fourteen severely multiply handicapped children with rubella syndrome, six to 16 years of age, were examined with the PLAYTEST system, an operant test procedure using sound and light as stimuli and reinforcers. (Author/MC)
Descriptors: Auditory Discrimination, Behavior Modification, Children, Electromechanical Technology
Tiger, Jeffrey H.; Hanley, Gregory P.; Hernandez, Emma – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2006
The current study examined the reinforcing effects of choosing among alternatives in a four-part evaluation. In the first study, initial-link responses in a concurrent-chains arrangement resulted in access to terminal links in which the completion of an academic task resulted in (a) the choice of a reinforcer (choice), (b) the delivery of an…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Preschool Children, Autism, Behavior Problems
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