Used archival data on individuals identified as shy and reserved in late childhood in 1954 to trace the continuities and consequences of the individuals' behavioral style for the subsequent 30 years of their lives. Childhood shyness did not produce pathological or extreme outcomes, but did have significant consequences for later development,…

Examines (1) the concurrent development of different components of the self-system; (2) how the development of this system relates to cognitive and metacognitive development in reading; and (3) whether there are gender differences both in the development of the self-system as well as its relation to the development of reading. (DSK)

Investigates the extent to which adolescents' marital expectations are related to the marital expectations of their parents. Examines the extent to which the nature of attachment to the parent and the level of adolescent individuation moderate the carryover of marital expectations model from parents to children. Sex differences are discussed.…

Seeks to import a more complex understanding of gendered subjectivity into discussions of young people and homosexuality. This study is based on an Australian national survey of same-sex attracted youth (N=749). Results reveal significant gender differences with regard to patterns of sexual attraction. (MKA)

Examined the effects of variations in acculturation and gender on identity processes and outcomes in a sample of 357 students at a culturally diverse university. Results indicate that the processes underlying identity development are consistent across variations in acculturation and gender. Supplemental analyses revealed effects of acculturation…

Forty-four males and 40 females completed an adaptation of the Linear Arousal and Stress Scale after a 1-day rafting trip. Men showed higher base levels of anxiety than women. Anxiety and arousal increased significantly prior to the first rapid. Levels of anxiety and arousal during this adventure activity changed constantly as different situations…

This study examined the relationship between level of ego development and parents' self reports of the subjective experience of parenthood. Subjects were 30 mother/father pairs of middle class parents, 10 from each of three phases of the family: families whose oldest children were attending preschool or middle school, or had graduated from high…

Results of comparisons between European adolescents' (N=170) and English adolescents' (N=820) responses on the Ideal Person Test indicated that boys make materialistic responses; that girls make social and altruistic responses; and that the difference in valuing between the sexes is greater than that between schools. (Author/BL)

Male and female high school students and adults (n=210) completed a questionnaire seeking preference responses to 12 male and 12 female traditional activities. Boys' activities were more destereotyped than girls'--but by females, not males. The unique finding was that self-described tomboys do not substitute boys' activities for girls'. (KH)

Compared significant others of Black adolescents (N=113) ages 10-14. Found differences between males and females and developmental differences between older (12-14) and younger (10-11) subjects. Found mother to be most significant other for males and females and both age groups. (Author/ABL)

Distinctions between males and females arise as a result of a complex developmental process involving biological, psychological, and sociological forces. Much research on male gender identity development has spurred from the increased interest in the etiology of homosexuality over the last two decades. Political, religious, and moral issues often…

This study surveyed the connection of empathy and self-esteem with active sporting. The subjects were 1,381 members of Finnish baseball teams between the ages of 8 to 16. The instruments used in testing the subjects were: (1) the modified Mehrabian & Epstein Empathy test (1972); (2) the Battle Self-Esteem Scale, Form B (1981); (3) the…

Examined the relationship between ego identity, formal operations, and egocentrism in adolescents. Results indicated significant positive correlations between ego identity and formal operations and between ego identity and grade in school. Grade in school explained 21 percent of the variance while formal operational thinking, egocentrism, and sex…

Positive and negative sexual messages are communicated by parents to their children, verbally and nonverbally. The impact of parental messages upon the sexuality of youth appears relatively straightforward for males but quite complex for females. Educational approaches are suggested to be used to recycle early parental sexual messages. (Author/PN)

Two studies tested whether 12- and 24-month olds' self-knowledge differed from their knowledge of others (mother or inanimate object), or whether toddlers' knowledge of persons (self and mother) differed from knowledge of objects. Results showed that 12-month olds were more sensitive than older toddlers to perceptual features of objects. Data were…