The author uses concepts of social psychology to examine "learning-by-tutoring" tutorial projects designed to enhance the learning of both tutors and tutees by ensuring that tutors are teaching work that they themselves need to practice. Selected areas of social-psychological research are briefly described, and concepts from these areas are…

A field test of "Guiding Older Children As Tutors," one of the four motivational-instructional procedures of Individually Guided Motivation (IGM), was used in two Milwaukee, Wisconsin schools. A total of 34 tutees, 22 tutors, and 24 adults participated in the field test during the 1972-73 school year. The field test objectives sought an increase…

Two experiments compared cross-age and peer tutoring interventions within special education settings. In experiment 1, 47 elementary age learning and/or behaviorally disordered (LD/BD) students acted as tutors of younger LD and BD students. In experiment 2, 31 same-age LD and BD students alternated tutor and tutee roles. In both experiments,…

The results of a pilot study of a reading tutor program that had as its focus the creation of a suitable reporting system for insuring adequate implementation of the program are discussed in this paper. The use of learning resource teachers (LRTs) to train tutors, select tutees, monitor implementation, and establish home-based reinforcement is…

To determine the trend of school tutoring programs in the states, a survey letter was sent to all 50 state superintendents of public instruction. Of the 48 replies received, 8 states indicated they have some type of statewide program, and 41 reported local tutoring programs. An analysis of the data led to several conclusions. There appears to be a…

In order to study empirically measurable characteristics of the tutorial relationship between an older student and a younger student, two separate investigations were conducted during two consecutive academic years, using different third graders as tutees and college or high school students as tutors in each study. The first research investigation…

The influence of the Athens (Georgia) Tutorial Program upon the academic achievement of 256 low socioeconomic students in grades 3-8 was studied. The study covered a 3-year period. Results showed the positive impact of the program, but accurate evaluation was not possible because complete records were not available. (JAZ)

Compared cross-age and peer tutoring interventions conducted within special education settings. In Experiment 1, learning disabled (LD) and behaviorally disordered (BD) students tutored younger LD and BD students. In Experiment 2, same-age LD and BD students alternated tutor and tutee roles. In both experiments, tutors and tutees exhibited…

A cross-age tutoring program designed to improve school performance of tutors (adolescents classified as emotionally disturbed) and tutees (children classified as educable mentally retarded) was replicated in an urban public school district. Results showed that both tutors and tutees improved on academic and social measures of school performance.…

Describes a study that examined the effects of a cross-age tutoring program on computer literacy learning of second graders. Related literature is reviewed; the training program that used fourth graders to tutor the second graders is explained; and implications for future research is suggested. (Author/LRW)

This article presents three related evaluation studies looking at the effectiveness on achievement and motivation of Reading Together, a cross-age peer-tutoring reading program. The effects on tutees, tutors, teachers, and parents were monitored. The advantages of Reading Together began to accrue during the second and third phases of the program.…

The literature concerning tutoring in the elementary schools was surveyed and evaluated to determine the relative effectiveness of two types of programs--peer and cross-age tutoring. Studies involving each type of program were analyzed separately and effectiveness was judged by the gains in reading achievement experienced by both tutors and…

Cross-age tutors and tutees (n=122 children) felt that tutorial learning was most dependent on effort rather than ability factors and attributed positive learning consequences to their tutoring partner, but negative learning consequences to themselves. (Author/RL)

Describes a cross-age reading program called Storymates, which connected school and home literacy experiences of 9-, 10-, and 11-year olds through storybook reading to younger siblings, relatives, and neighborhood friends. Discusses exploring story structure in the classroom; reading storybooks in school and at home; how retellings improved; and…

A survey was conducted to identify college-sponsored programs that involved undergraduate or graduate college students working with preschool, elementary, or secondary school students either as tutors or mentors. Such programs were found in 29% of all two-year and four-year colleges and universities. Of 3,212 total institutions, 921 sponsored at…