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H. Lee Swanson; Catherine M. Lussier; Michael J. Orosco – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2015
This study investigated the role of strategy instruction and working memory capacity (WMC) on word problem solving accuracy in children with (n = 100) and without (n = 92) math difficulties (MD). Within classrooms, children in Grades 2 and 3 were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: verbal-only strategies (e.g., underlining…
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, Learning Strategies, Short Term Memory, Problem Solving
Underwood, Benton J.; And Others – 1975
If a series of verbal units is presented for study, and if a unit occurs two or more times in the series, the practice schedule for these multiple occurrences may be massed or distributed. In massed practice (MP) the item occupies adjacent positions; in distributed practice (DP) successive occurences are separated by at least one other unit. The…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Educational Research, Memory, Recall (Psychology)
Diesendruck, Gil – Developmental Psychology, 2005
In Study 1, 4-year-olds avoided 2 names for an object when exposed to a common or a proper noun in a puppet's presence or to a common noun in a puppet's absence, but not when exposed to a proper noun in a puppet's absence. In Study 2, 3-year-olds avoided 2 names for an object when the requester for the referent of a second label in a different…
Descriptors: Puppetry, Nouns, Monolingualism, Bilingualism
Seidenberg, Mark S.; And Others – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1984
Describes four experiments of conditions under which irregular spelling or pronunciation influence two reading tasks--naming and lexical decision. Concludes that such irregularities only influence the reading of lower frequency words and that recognition of a large class of higher frequency words is insensitive to irregularities of spelling or…
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence, Pronunciation, Reading Research
Effects of Isolation by Color on Mentally Retarded and Nonretarded Persons' Recall of Printed Words.

Winters, John J., Jr.; Hoats, David L. – American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1984
Mentally retarded and nonretarded children (N=18 each) of equal mental age read lists of nine nouns presented simultaneously in a horizontal format. Recall of items when isolated was reliably higher than when not isolated for both groups. (Author/CL)
Descriptors: Color, Cues, Moderate Mental Retardation, Recall (Psychology)

Holdgrafer, Gary – Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1982
The uniform principle assuming that comprehension precedes production in language acquisition was examined using Down's Syndrome children taught to comprehend singular/plural nouns and produce such forms for another noun. Three subjects reached criterion production first and one reached comprehension first, suggesting the modes can develop…
Descriptors: Comprehension, Downs Syndrome, Language Acquisition, Language Processing
Dixon, Roger A., And Others – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1984
Examines two sets of variables that influence age-related patterns of text recall--the effects of verbal ability level and text structure variables on text recall of younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Results indicate that age differences in the discovery and utilization of the organizational structure of texts were found to be mediated by…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Comparative Analysis, Memory
Schaffer, William O.; LaBerge, David – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1979
Two experiments were conducted to test how readers process unattended words in a display and how the semantic category of these flanking words affects response time. (Author/AM)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Language Research, Psycholinguistics, Reading Processes
Gardiner, John M. – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1980
Two experiments showed the proportion of recalled words recognized to be higher than expected when the experiment was conducted under typical study conditions. Under special study conditions, the proportion of recalled words recognized more closely approximated expected values. Exceptions depend on encoding operations rather than on the properties…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Language Processing, Language Research, Memory
Au, Terry Kit-fong – 1988
A study examined how preschool children use information about linguistic contrast in learning new words. The 72 subjects were assigned to four groups to play a game. They were asked to get an unfamiliar item, one of nine swatches of different colors, shapes, and materials. In the first group, the children were told only one label (color, shape, or…
Descriptors: Child Language, Language Acquisition, Language Processing, Language Research
Underwood, Benton J. – 1975
The purpose of these studies was to test a theory of associative context (defined as the association between two words in a pair) on recognition memory. The theory states that culturally associated words in a pair and nonassociated words in a pair differ after a single study trial in terms of their frequency representation in memory. Two…
Descriptors: Association (Psychology), Cognitive Processes, Educational Research, Memory
McKoon, Gail; Ratcliff, Roger – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1979
Four experiments examined priming between newly learned paired associates through two procedures, lexical decision and item recognition. Results argue against a functional separation of the semantic and episodic memory systems. (Author/AM)
Descriptors: Association (Psychology), Cognitive Processes, Experimental Psychology, Learning Processes
Eysenck, Michael W.; Eysenck, M. Christine – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1979
The effects of several factors on expended processing capacity were measured. Expended processing capacity was greater when information was retrieved from secondary memory than from primary memory, when processing was of a deep, semantic nature than when it was shallow and physical, and when processing was more elaborate. (Author/GDC)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Incidental Learning
Taft, Marcus – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1979
Five experiments are described that detail both the structure of lexical representations accessed in visual word recognition and the method of parsing words in order to access these representations. The results support a system of lexical access that is not mediated by phonological encoding. (SW)
Descriptors: Decoding (Reading), Language Research, Lexicology, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence
Underwood, Benton J.; Lund, Arnold M. – 1980
In simultaneous learning two verbal lists are interlaced for study, with each tested separately. In the present experiments simultaneous learning was used as a means of determining the conditions under which study time or learning resources might be reallocated between lists. One of the lists was called the standard list and remained constant…
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, Difficulty Level, Paired Associate Learning, Recall (Psychology)