In the context of the digital age, the marketisation, internationalization, and knowledge-based characteristics of Chinese higher education are being challenged by global competition. Institutions of higher education in this competitive environment must adopt digital-era human resource management concepts, strategies, and techniques to gain a competitive advantage in development. This study constructs a comprehensive and scientific competency index system for Chinese university teachers. The competency indicators of college teachers are mainly formed through the Fuzzy Delphi method, and the competency indicator system of college teachers is formed through the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method. The research object is 20 college teachers. The results of the study indicate that the index system includes self-structure, knowledge structure, and competence structure, with 3 level 1 indicators, 6 level 2 indicators, and 37 level 3 indicators, which can provide decision-making information for recruitment, promotion, transfer, and dismissal in the human resource management of schools. This study can significantly promote the professional growth of higher education teachers, enhance the quality of higher education, and respond to the core issues attending educational reform and development in the digital age.