Offers illustrations of anomalies and prejudices found in common information retrieval tools: "LC Subject Headings" (9th edition), "Dewey Decimal Classification" (19th edition), "Universal Decimal Classification" (3rd abridged edition). Index terms in areas of sexual bias, social strata, politics, knowledge, customs,…

The retiring editor of Dewey Decimal Classification recounts the development of the system from the 16th through the 19th editions, i.e., 1956-1980. During this period, the system has undergone major changes to internationalize its character. Special provisions have been incorporated for branches of history, geography, language, literature, the…

A new classification is needed which would not prejudge the boundaries of art, one that would bring together in one place the literature on every sort of material artefact, tool, and artwork, without distinction. Within this grand class of artefacts, the sub-arrangement would, as far as possible, respect the integrity of individual cultures. Only…

National bibliographic developments worldwide are planned with awareness of international context and of advantages of following internationally used standards. The information gap between librarians in rich and poor countries through unavailability of high technology in poor countries where international bibliographic tools are in use appears to…

An understanding of evidence is necessary for effective rhetoric, especially in the sub-area of argumentation. Evidence can be classified according to (1) the argument field in which it is used (court of reason or court of law); (2) the linkage to the assertion being made (direct or circumstantial); and (3) its persuasive force (how convincing it…

Weaknesses in the structure, levels, and sequence of Bloom's taxonomy of cognitive domains emphasize the need for both a new model of how individual learners process information and a new taxonomy of the different levels of memory, thinking, and learning. Both the model and the taxonomy should be consistent with current research findings. The…

Noting that in the contemporary world, rhetorical experimentation has proliferated at almost geometric rates, this paper proposes that an understanding of rhetorical variables will help in acquiring an overview and understanding of that rhetorical experimentation. Defining rhetorical variables as all the elements that can take different values in…

Stating that teachers are often confused by the terms "homonym" and "homophone," this paper maintains that the difficulty can be eased by determining how words can be classified in terms of structure, meaning, or sound. It then presents a word nomenclature model that draws upon the differentiation between these groups of words…

Implicit in the work of S. Huck and H. Sandler (1979) is the idea that the concept "rival hypotheses" refers to some kind of alternative explanation. Rather than being threats to internal validity, rival hypotheses, in their view, are interpretations that differ from those of the researcher. This paper broadens the idea to include any…

A family resemblance model of emotions is proposed which uses Darwin's discussion of emotions and Eleanor Rosch's and the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein's work on family resemblances. In Darwin's discussion of emotions, certain core features are thought to be widely shared by the members of the respective families of emotions, and more marginal…

Until 1960, two types of publications prevailed in the historiography of adult education--the history of individual educational organizations or establishments and biographical studies concerning leading adult education theoreticians or practitioners. The specificity of the development of adult education historiography since the 1960s is due not…

As a means of organizing the diverse literature on and approaches to planned educational change, the author proposes a typology that focuses on change perspectives. Whereas previously proposed typologies classified approaches to change according to the change strategies or processes utilized, the current proposal urges using "change…

The richness of the information available in cross-classification tables, compared to the information conveyed in the typical correlation coefficient, is emphasized in this paper. The kinds of information to be found in cross-classification tables are described, and several examples of the use of cross-classification patterns in research are…

The primary theme of this paper is that teaching at the college level has changed in the postmodern era in ways that make it necessary to consider a richer classification than the popular dichotomy of "sage on the stage" or "guide on the side." The career of G. Stanley Hall is discussed as an example of a teacher who would be…

According to Stephen M. North, most of the people in composition belong to a category he calls "Practitioners," so the description is not only applied to the University of New Hampshire (UNH). But if the instructors at UNH are most influenced by one person, it would be Donald Murray, and he is specifically listed as a Practitioner. It's…