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Haas, David F.; Kraft, Donald H. – Information Processing and Management, 1984
This paper examines representative research in information science and compares its designs to an abstract ideal of the experimental research design. Threats to validity of conclusions are highlighted, including history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, statistical regression, selection biases, experimental mortality, and selection-maturation…
Descriptors: Information Science, Models, Research Design, Research Methodology
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Brookes, Bertram C. – Information Processing and Management, 1984
Four empirical laws of bibliometrics--anomalous number, Lotka's, Zipf's, and Bradford's--together with Laplace's "law of succession" and de Solla Price's cumulative advantage distribution are shown to be almost identical. A simple model shows that the frequency forms conform with inverse square law over appropriate interval. (Fifteen…
Descriptors: Equations (Mathematics), Graphs, Information Science, Models
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Howard, Paul G.; Vitter, Jeffrey Scott – Information Processing and Management, 1992
Analyzes the amount of compression possible when arithmetic coding is used for text compression in conjunction with various input models. Algorithms are analyzed; modeling effects are considered; scaling is discussed; higher order models are examined, including prediction by partial matching; and coding effects are described. (34 references) (LRW)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Coding, Computation, Information Processing
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Howard, Paul G.; Vitter, Jeffrey Scott – Information Processing and Management, 1992
Identifies four components of a good predictive lossless image compression method: (1) pixel sequence, (2) image modeling and prediction, (3) error modeling, and (4) error coding. Highlights include Laplace distribution and a comparison of the multilevel progressive method for image coding with the prediction by partial precision matching method.…
Descriptors: Coding, Comparative Analysis, Information Processing, Mathematical Formulas
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Bookstein, Abraham; Klein, Shmuel T. – Information Processing and Management, 1992
Presents new methods for compressing bit matrices in large information retrieval systems which exploit possible correlations between rows of words and columns of documents. Three encoding methods are tested and compared--Shannon-Fano, arithmetic, and Huffman--and an appendix discusses binomial coefficients. (20 references) (LRW)
Descriptors: Coding, Comparative Analysis, Correlation, Information Processing
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Kant, Elaine; Newell, Allen – Information Processing and Management, 1984
Presents model of algorithm design (activity in software development) based on analysis of protocols of two subjects designing three convex hull algorithms. Automation methods, methods for studying algorithm design, role of discovery in problem solving, and comparison of different designs of case study according to model are highlighted.…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Automation, Case Studies, Comparative Analysis
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Heine, M. H. – Information Processing and Management, 1984
Offers characterization of sign-transmission which is more general than conventional signal-transmission theory. Concepts and terminology, formal description of individual communications process, reconciliation with classical signal-detection theory, applications of sign-detection formalism to information retrieval on MEDLINE database, and a…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Cognitive Processes, Communication (Thought Transfer), Information Retrieval
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Rouse, William B.; Rouse, Sandra H. – Information Processing and Management, 1984
Considers nature of information-seeking in terms of decision making and problem solving, dynamics of process, and value of information. Basic psychological studies, effects of cognitive style, human behavior models, and design issues (attributes and evaluation of information systems, analysis of information needs, information seeking aids) are…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Information Needs, Information Seeking, Information Systems
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Bookstein, Abraham; And Others – Information Processing and Management, 1992
Discusses the problems of compressing a large textual database for storage on CD-ROM. A text-compression algorithm is presented, new algorithms for compression of indices are described, and the ARTFL (American and French Research on the Treasury of the French Language) database is used as an example. (14 references) (LRW)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Coding, Full Text Databases, Indexes
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Dunlop, Mark D.; van Rijsbergen, C. J. – Information Processing and Management, 1993
Discusses access to nontextual documents in large multimedia document bases. A hybrid information retrieval model, using queries in a hypertext environment for location of browsing areas, is presented; and two experiments using cluster-based descriptions of content are reported. (23 references) (EA)
Descriptors: Computer System Design, Graphs, Hypermedia, Indexing
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Agosti, M.; And Others – Information Processing and Management, 1992
Proposes a conceptual reference architecture for information retrieval systems and discusses functional capabilities of a hypertext environment, based on the proposed architecture, for interaction with large textual databases. Functions of the prototype system HYPERLINE are described, and an example of a user session is provided. (17 references)…
Descriptors: Full Text Databases, Hypermedia, Information Retrieval, Man Machine Systems
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Aboud, M.; And Others – Information Processing and Management, 1993
Presents an information systems navigation approach using a combination of functionalities encountered in classification processes, Hypertext systems, and information retrieval systems. The first version of the SYRIUS system is described, with emphasis on the user's graphic interface which integrates these functionalities. (26 references) (EA)
Descriptors: Classification, Computer Graphics, Computer System Design, Hypermedia
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Davies, Roy – Information Processing and Management, 1987
Discusses possibility of using expert systems to develop new model in cataloging theory made necessary by technological progress, rising user expectations, and economic pressures. A data structure for bibliographic information required by Anglo American Cataloging Rules, 2nd edition, (AACR2) is suggested, and possible heuristics for interpreting…
Descriptors: Cataloging, Data Processing, Economic Factors, Expert Systems
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Curtis, B.; And Others – Information Processing and Management, 1984
Discusses current use of psychological theory in software science and reviews recent developments in cognitive psychology relevant to programing (human information processing, expert-novice differences). Critique of Maurice Halstead's model of cognitive aspects of programing and a structured data flow perspective (control flow and data flow…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Computer Software, Graphs, Models
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Kochen, Manfred – Information Processing and Management, 1984
Explores potential of mathematical theory of communication for information science and examines question of how to encode a message at time it is encountered for subsequent recall. Examples of problem, a prototype computer program and experiment, coding as embedding in associational nets, and nature of information are discussed. (Nine references.)…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Communication (Thought Transfer), Computer Software, Information Retrieval