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Fishman, Joshua A. – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1990
A brief description of factors affecting the generally neglected study of reversing language shift (RLS) is presented. and An eight-step model for building and planning such research, taking into consideration such influences as community and neighborhood, family, and school, is described. (CB)
Descriptors: Ethnicity, Language Attitudes, Language Maintenance, Language Research
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Edwards, John – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1984
Discusses the history of the decline of the use of Irish in Ireland since the 12th century and how present government policies and citizen attitudes have affected this decline. Government actions include establishing a Gaelic Board, setting nominal Irish qualifications for civil servants, and teaching Irish in the primary schools. (SED)
Descriptors: Diachronic Linguistics, Elementary Education, Language Attitudes, Language Maintenance
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Giles, Howard; And Others – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1990
Explores several models of cognitive and structural perspectives involving minority-language situations, and attempts to integrate them into a framework of predictive propositions that elaborate psychosocial climates of maintenance, majority-minority encounter, and interactive strategies. (65 references) (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Language Dominance, Language Maintenance, Language Research, Linguistic Theory
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Edwards, D. Gareth – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1984
Examines the effect in the primary and secondary school levels of teaching through the medium of Welsh and the response of the University of Wales. The media and the educational system are two formal social organizations which help the threatened Welsh language to survive. Another would be the establishment of a Welsh-medium university. (SED)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education, Language Maintenance
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
de Haan, Germen – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1990
Critical analysis of three cases of grammatical borrowing of Frisian from Dutch leads to the specific conclusion that the Frisian grammatical system does not "Dutchify," and to general conclusions concerning the ways that minority languages can and cannot be influenced by dominant languages. (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Contrastive Linguistics, Dutch, Grammar, Language Dominance
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Edwards, John – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1990
Presents an approach to a typological outline for categorizing minority-language situations in such areas as speaker, language, and setting juxtaposed with dimensions including sociology, linguistics, and psychology. (36 references) (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Language Research, Language Typology, Linguistic Theory, Minority Groups
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MacKinnon, Kenneth – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1984
Discusses the sociological process which results in Celtic speech communities persisting despite incorporation into the larger society of the United Kingdom. Looks at such factors as age, sex, occupation, religion, and political allegiance. Discusses the dynamics of Gaelic language maintenance in terms of Joshua Fishman's typology of diglossia and…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Diglossia, English, Language Attitudes
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Grin, Francois – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1990
A brief survey of existing contributions about language by economists is presented. An explanation is given of the fundamental economic reasoning on which minority language use can be modeled, and the presentation of a model of minority language use incorporating such aspects as goods, wage rates, prices, and the labor market is described.…
Descriptors: Economic Factors, Economic Research, Language Research, Language Usage
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Allardt, Erik – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1984
Discusses the problems encountered in defining a language minority. Lists four basic criteria common to all language minorities: (1) self-categorization; (2) common descent; (3) distinctive linguistic, cultural, or historical traits related to language; and (4) social organization which places the group in a minority position. (SED)
Descriptors: Criteria, Cultural Pluralism, Dialects, Ethnic Groups
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Jorgensen, J. Normann – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1984
Presents an investigation of 100 immigrants students in Copenhagen to ascertain their relations to the ethnic boundary between "Danish-ness" and "non-Danishness" and their patterns of communication in conversation with an adult native speaker of Danish. Implications for the education of immigrant students and for curricula are…
Descriptors: Acculturation, Communicative Competence (Languages), Curriculum Development, Danish
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de Vries, John – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1990
Presents a demographic approach to the study of linguistic minorities, focusing on major analytical issues, particular data needs, and research possibilities. The approach's potential in the study of second-language acquisition, language maintenance, and shift pertaining to linguistic minorities is illustrated. (40 references) (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Demography, Language Research, Linguistic Theory, Minority Groups
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Shield, Lesley E. – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1984
Examines the decline, death, and resurrection of the Cornish language. Looks at 17th and 18th century writings on the subject and at the problems faced in reviving the language, especially in connection with the reconstruction of its phonological and lexical components. Considers the state of Unified Cornish today. (SED)
Descriptors: Diachronic Linguistics, Language Maintenance, Language Usage, Lexicology
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de Vries, John – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1984
Discusses and evaluates currently accepted theories of ethnic or linguistic identity and maintenance. Lists factors which have a bearing on the long-term fate of a minority. Analyzes the data for the European linguistic minorities using the data matrix reported by Erik Allardt in his monograph on ethnic revival in Western European societies. (SED)
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Cultural Pluralism, Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Studies
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Nelde, Peter Hans – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1984
Using Belgium as an example, argues that a linguistic ecological viewpoint is important for the description of linguistic/ethnic contact areas in which one or more languages are in danger of dying without any apparent political decisions. It is not as important for the description of stable, diglossic, or multilingual areas or for open bilingual…
Descriptors: Diglossia, Dutch, French, German
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Wande, Erling – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1984
Using as a framework the theory of the ecology of language formulated by Einar Haugen, compares two Finnish minorities in Sweden, one which ceased to exist in the middle of this century and one, the Tornedal Finnish minority, which still exists. Discusses circumstances favorable to the preservation of Finnish in the Tornedal. (SED)
Descriptors: Ethnic Groups, Finnish, Language Maintenance, Language Usage
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