The present study examined the contribution of individual differences in ordinary class attendance, self-efficacy, and decision-making styles to expected or actual performance in a course devoted to research report writing. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the course, which was judged by past and current students as challenging, had to be delivered…

We examined the grading beliefs of 93 novice and preservice teachers, particularly their views on using grades as reward and punishment or behavior management. Through answering online Likert-type ratings of 16 vignettes, 285 individuals participated in the quantitative part of this study. Of these participants, 93 participated in the qualitative…

Research on individual differences indicates that students vary in how they interact with and perform while using intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). However, less research has investigated how individual differences affect students' interactions with game-based features. This study examines how learning outcomes and interactions with specific…

Previous research has suggested that good students (those above the median) are better than poor students (below the median) at estimating their academic performance. To examine the relationship between pre-test predictions and post-test estimations of academic performance, 30 college students were asked to predict their scores on each of four…

Many kinds of individual differences among learners have been studied by psychologists and educators in an attempt to improve the educational process. Some emphasis has been placed on the notion of cognitive style in an effort to understand more of the cognitive processes which underlie academic performance. The purpose of the present study was to…

This study examined individual differences in the ways students responded to a self-regulation learning training. It was predicted that students' motivational beliefs would be associated with at-risk college students' use of self-regulated learning strategies, homework completion, and academic performance. Participants were 58 college students in…

The Austin Independent School District (AISD) is now in its third year of study on the effects of a new retention policy adopted in 1981-82. Reviewing the results of the first two years led to the conclusion that traditional methods of studying retention might not be the most appropriate. These evaluations have primarily focused on the impact of…

The present experiment tested the hypothesis that effort attribution given for prior achievement is effective in promoting subsequent achievement behaviors. Forty children drawn from two elementary schools and lacking in subtraction skills received training and opportunities to solve subtraction problems. In the context of training, children…

This paper addresses the question of whether there are significant differences among students in five certification areas in their attitudes toward educational research and their achievement in educational research coursework. Seventy-nine students of five certification areas in five graduate sections of educational research taught by the same…

This review of two distinct areas of research--brain research and psycho-epistemology--indicates a possible link between the two which may potentially help to identify an as yet unknown molar trait which could be responsible for divergent opinions regarding teaching and learning theories, and may help to explain differential achievement when these…

This study used structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling approaches for purposes of simultaneous study of individual and group change patterns on three waves of two longitudinally assessed domains. This study illustrates a few of the dual approaches to the analysis of covariance structures as they relate to the same individual growth…

This study examined help-seeking and achievement behavior in elementary shool girls in a problem-solving situation. Classified as high or low in mastery orientation on the basis of their scores on a subset of items on the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale, 40 fourth and sixth grade girls participated in the study. Children's task…

Type T personality is a personality dimension which characterizes individuals along a continuum ranging from those who are stimulated by risk-taking, stimulation-seeking and thrill-seeking (Big T) to those who are risk, stimulation, and thrill-avoiding (Little t). This study was designed to assess the relationship between Type T personality and…

The generality of academic self-efficacy judgments was compared between groups of students with different personal characteristics, using the sample drawn from a previous study (M. Bong, 1997) (n=383). Confirmatory factor analyses showed that boys demonstrated more comparable strengths of self-efficacy across the academic domains compared to…

Spouse abuse research has indicated that marital violence occurs in all age groups, among all races, and in all levels of education and social class. To provide further information by comparing battered and exbattered women, 18 battered and 14 exbattered women completed a questionnaire about themselves and their assailants. Information was…