Research has documented that the study of a second language in an elementary school may positively affect the young child's general school achievement and linguistic progress, promote superior performance in high school language study, result in significantly higher mental maturity, make children more language-aware, and improve other cognitive…

The paper presents a classroom token economy system for providing classroom structure, eliminating or controlling a variety of problem behaviors, and for demonstration and teaching purposes. The first section addresses income production (payment for productive work using classroom work periods as payment periods). A percentage method in paying for…

A difficult task facing college English departments is the creation of a freshman English program that is coherent and theoretically sound and which allows instructors a certain flexibility. Recently, the English department at Francis Marion College undertook a major revision of its freshman program with these goals in mind. The result was a…

This beginning teacher program is a combination of a support and training program for first-year teachers in 12 school districts in Kansas. Participation is required and the program features regular meetings with the building principal, a year-long, performance-based skill training program, and a set of performance tasks which ask the beginning…

Recent advances in psycholinguistics, cognitive psychology, and information processing theory have produced several notions that have revolutionized previous conceptions of reading and what it means to understand. These notions support the idea that more emphasis should be placed on reading comprehension skills in the English as a second language…

For students without a command of English, the use of English to teach mathematics skills and concepts is a barrier to learning. While research on the subject is not conclusive, it is an appropriate assumption that for a student to master the concepts, he must master the language of the concepts. Based on this premise, the Second Language Approach…

Three groups were surveyed to determine the preferred modes of learning of persons directly associated with cooperative extension education in North Carolina. The modes of learning stated on the questionnaires were doing, touching/feeling, smelling, tasting, seeing, hearing, and discussing. Three groups completed the questionnaire: targeted…

An ethnographic study of a Philadelphia elementary school program in English as a second language focused on the way children's first and second languages were used in the classroom, and how this use of language was connected to the learning process. It was found that despite teachers' claims of emphasis on communication skills, a number of…

It is proposed that as both bilingual education (BE) and English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) programs continue to define their specific philosophies more clearly, the definitions are beginning to overlap in significant ways. In differing degrees, they are beginning to understand and appreciate the complexity of dual language learning and teaching.…

This paper examines content-based instruction, which is an integrated approach to language instruction drawing topics, texts, and tasks from content or subject matter classes but focusing on the cognitive, academic language skills needed to participate effectively in content instruction. The intent and design of content-based instructional…

The reading program model developed at Ypsilanti High School (Michigan) is described in this paper and is suggested as a method of solving reading problems encountered by high school students. The first section of the paper contains an overview of the content area reading program, including descriptions of the program's philosophy, components,…

A national survey investigated the extent and design of programs in which content instruction is combined with instruction in English as a Second Language (content-ESL). Findings are summarized here. Is was found that about 15 percent of all public schools, and all states, have such programs, with heaviest concentration in the south and southwest…

A discussion of the cognitive development of bilingual children and its implications for early childhood education for this population begins with a review of recent research on bilingual development. It looks at the forms and results of research projects on dual language acquisition processes, the interactive influence of multiple language…

In a discussion of revitalizing teacher preparation programs, the questions of what a beginning teacher should know and be able to do in order to function at a fully professional level were considered. A description is presented of Operation PROTEACH activities at the University of Florida in Gainesville. This operation was generated by several…

A discussion of bilingual education teacher training in Switzerland begins with an introduction to the unique and complex linguistic situation of the country, the political and policy context for bilingual education, and the organization of teacher training in general. A more detailed description of both pre-service and in-service training of…