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Lindner, Reinhard W. – 1991
This paper debates the usefulness and plausibility of the notion of cognitive structures. The cornerstone of the theory of cognitive philosophy is the claim that the epistemic process is mediated by mental representations that constitute both the knowledge base and interpretations of sensory experience of individuals. Cognitive theorists typically…
Descriptors: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Structures, Epistemology, Knowledge Level
Clancey, W. J. – 1990
A major error in cognitive science has been to suppose that the meaning of a representation in the mind is known prior to its production. Representations are inherently perceptual--constructed by a perceptual process and given meaning by subsequent perception of them. The person perceiving the representation determines what it means. This premise…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Learning Processes
Gagne, Robert M. – 1987
This paper defines a schema as a memory structure representing a general concept and its framework of associated concepts, and identifies the three processes by which learning can occur in individuals whose memories are schema-based, i.e., accretion, tuning, and restructuring. Ways in which schema might influence instructional design are then…
Descriptors: Cognitive Structures, Discovery Learning, Instructional Design, Learning Processes
Good, Ron; And Others – 1988
The science learning cycle developed by Robert Karplus and others in the 1960's has been a useful model for many science teachers and researchers. This model stresses the use of structured inquiry to organize knowledge acquisition and problem solving. Recent research in the cognitive science tradition, however, has shown that learning and problem…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Concept Formation
Rycek, Robert F. – 1984
In an experiment using a conditional logic task, subjects were given a set of cards defining a particular conditional relationship. The subjects were required to determine the rule and predict the outcomes of the rule. Rule structure was varied by providing subjects with either a suggested rule, a partial rule, or no rule for each set of cards.…
Descriptors: Cognitive Structures, College Students, Difficulty Level, Learning Processes
Brandhorst, Allan; Splittgerber, Fred – 1984
A category system for organizing six thinking skills and methods for teaching these skills, using the concept of time, are provided. Representing a proposed sequential order of development, the six thinking skills are: (1) imaging--the creating of an internal mental representation of an external thing and the labeling of that representation, (2)…
Descriptors: Cognitive Structures, Concept Teaching, Developmental Stages, Elementary Education
Hershkowitz, Rina – International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 2004
The ideas presented in this lecture are based on the observation of processes of construction and consolidation of knowledge by individual students learning in groups within classrooms along a sequence of activities. Whereas the uniformity of the basic elements used to describe the knowledge construction processes may be seen as inclusive, there…
Descriptors: Individual Development, Cognitive Structures, Learning Processes, Individual Differences
Chmielewski, Todd L.; Moreland, Jeremy L.; Dansereau, Donald F. – 1997
Because knowledge is constantly in flux, it is important for individuals to accurately incorporate new information into previously developed knowledge structures. Some of the issues surrounding this development of thought are explored in this paper. Although the phenomenon of knowledge integration is relatively common, very little empirical…
Descriptors: Cognitive Mapping, Cognitive Structures, College Students, Concept Formation
Cortese, Anthony J. – 1984
Tiryakian's "school" approach is used to analyze the evolution of Kohlberg's study of moral development over the past 25 years. The first part of the paper contrasts the paradigm approach (Kuhn 1970) to the schools approach in defining the development of the social sciences. Specifically, Kuhn's definition of a paradigm…
Descriptors: Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Structures, Developmental Stages, Learning Processes
Redish, Edward F. – 1999
This paper summarizes the recent work of the Maryland Physics Education Research Group on analyzing student learning in introductory university physics. This work is carried out in a model of student thinking and learning based on principles from cognitive science. The model permits a better understanding of, and diagnosis for, the state of both…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Structures, Higher Education, Learning Processes
Meade, Anne – 1999
Using similar research in Britain as a basis, a study in New Zealand explored schema learning in young children. The primary purpose of the study was to determine the effects of a curriculum intervention designed to increase the richness and amount of stimulation teachers and parents give 4-year-olds in response to observations of children's…
Descriptors: Brain, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures
von Glasersfeld, Ernst – 1988
This paper analyzes Bogdanov's theory of knowledge as found in philosophical dialogues and essays. The style of Bogdanov's writing and his ideas on philosophy, science, scientific constructs, truth, human knowledge, objectivity and ethics are discussed. These ideas are compared to the constructivist view of knowledge. (CW)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, College Science, Educational Philosophy
Sophian, Catherine; Madrid, Samara – International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 2003
To examine how conceptual knowledge about fraction magnitudes changes as students' learning progresses, 5th and 7th-grade students were asked to solve fraction magnitude problems that entailed finding a fraction between two given fractions and then to evaluate solutions for similar problems that were modeled for them. When the given fractions…
Descriptors: Grade 7, Grade 5, Mathematics, Mathematical Models
Levstik, Linda S. – 1988
This paper examines research studies that have concluded that elementary school children can learn more difficult and abstract social studies concepts than are taught in the traditional social studies curriculum. Research studies that focus on constraints on cognition, the use of embedded concepts, and understanding knowledge restructuring and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Concept Formation
Redish, Edward F. – 2000
During the past 15 years, physics education research has revealed many surprising things about the difficulties introductory physics students have in learning physics. At the same time, the ongoing revolution in information technology has led to new tools for creating innovative educational environments. In response to these two developments, a…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Structures, Higher Education, Learning Processes
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