Following a brief introduction, which provides background information about the development of the cross-cultural counseling program at Columbia University, New York, this paper describes the conceptual model on which the program is based. The two levels of program structure are described, i.e., the generic level common to all counseling students,…

A consensus has emerged on many issues in communicative language teaching, but one question that needs attention is the question of what ought to constitute the appropriate starting point in the design and implementation of a second language program. Two positions to consider are the following: first, the development of communicative methodology,…

This paper discusses the design and outcomes of an undergraduate education course that used current communication technology. A collaborative, electronic community was developed by pre-service teachers studying educational technology in order to publish, exchange and consider emerging ideas about the use of computers for teaching and learning. In…

The benefits based management (BBM) approach to outdoor recreation programming is a technique focused on outcomes and benefits derived from participating in outdoor recreation activities. This approach can be used to establish the significance of college outdoor programs on campus. The four premises of BBM are the articulation of outcome-oriented…

As enrollments decline, many institutions rush to implement distance education programs, often with only crude or solely administrative guidelines for program development. The following seven principles of good practice can be useful to guide initial program development: (1) programs should have purpose, direction, leadership, and clearly…