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Dell, Gary S. – 1974
In order to explore the effect of semantic organization on the comprehension of sentences, this research, based on the hypothesis that fully grammatical sentences would be processed more easily than anomalous sentences, depended on data provided by 20 paid college students serving in individual sessions. Each student listened to 30 tape-recorded…
Descriptors: Comprehension, Deep Structure, Listening Comprehension, Responses
Ransom, Evelyn N. – 1977
The constraints in English on the definiteness, specificity, humaness and animacy of noun phrases (NP's) undergoing passive and dative movement are examined. Evidence presented shows that these constraints occur in other languages in marked and unmarked constructions as absolute constraints on acceptability or as tendencies. This suggests a…
Descriptors: Classification, Deep Structure, Grammar, Language Universals
Crain, Stephen; Coker, Pamela L. – 1978
This research examines how semantic information influences syntactic parsing decisions during sentence processing. In the first experiment, subjects were presented lexical strings having syntactically identical surface structures but with two possible underlying structures: "The children taught by the Berlitz method," and "The…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Language Processing, Language Research, Linguistic Theory
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Aissen, Judith L. – 1984
This study investigates whether other relationships in sentence structure besides the "brother-in-law" relation sanction surrogate agreement in Zinacanteco Tzotzil (Mayan). Surrogate agreement refers to cases in which an element that lies outside the class of regular agreement controllers in a language (the surrogate) controls…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Form Classes (Languages), Language Research, Sentence Structure
Bjurlof, Thomas; Jamieson, Dale – 1978
It has long been said that there are an infinite number of English sentences. "This is the cat that caught the rat" is an Enqlish sentence. So is "This is the cat that caught the rat that stole the cheese.""This is the cat with white paws that caught the rat that stole the cheese" is unobjectionable as well. Since a…
Descriptors: Comprehension, Deep Structure, English, Grammar
Lu, John H-T. – 1975
In Mandarin Chinese the two lexical items "de" and "bu," when inserted into a verb-verb construction, function as positive and negative potential markers, respectively, Their insertion, however, is not very regular or uniform, because some V-V constructions require their presence, while some others take them optionally, and…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Descriptive Linguistics, Linguistic Theory, Mandarin Chinese
Schwartz, Arthur – 1971
The paper proposes, on the basis of a study of relative clauses and WH-interrogative constructions, to reflect the time-oriented character of the sentence by replacing neutral expressions like "#" with explicit time references like "beginning" and "end." These boundaries are to be universally associated with all…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Form Classes (Languages), Linguistic Theory, Nouns
Ross, Robert N. – 1975
This paper discusses one way of exploring how we perceive and understand the connections between some parts of texts, or between one sentence and the whole discourse. Understanding ellipsis involves non-syntactic understanding; the semantic structure is responsible for our understanding of elliptical sentences and encoding the knowledge contained…
Descriptors: Connected Discourse, Deep Structure, Discourse Analysis, Grammar
White, Lydia – 1983
Based on the assumptions that a universal grammar has a number of functional parameters and that in each language, some are not activated, a study was undertaken to investigate two hypotheses. They are (1) that in a grammatical situation where an adult's first language parameter is not activated in the second language, the learner will "lose" the…
Descriptors: Adult Students, Comparative Analysis, Deep Structure, English (Second Language)
O'Malley, Michael H. – 1973
This paper focuses on linguistic prosodic units related to boundaries between syntactic units. Specifically, rules for predicting the location of such boundaries, and factors affecting their location, are discussed. Examples are given on how prosodies can be used for syntactic analysis. Addressing the question of prosodic units and their…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Grammar, Intonation, Language Rhythm
Powers, James E.; Gowie, Cheryl J. – 1975
This study investigated children's performance with the passive-transformation when both the mode of presentation and the mode of response were verbal. The study was also designed to provide a framework for the examination of theoretical issues regarding strategies in speech perception. Kindergarten and first-grade children individually heard 6…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Deep Structure, Elementary School Students, Information Processing
Little, Peter S. – 1975
This study questions the developmental nature of the ability to understand syntactic structures. An exploration is made of the possibility of learning more about reading comprehension and readability by examining responses made to sentences described by transformational grammarians as structurally ambiguous. A group of fifth grade students were…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Psycholinguistics, Readability, Reading Achievement
Hou, John Y. – 1975
In the surface structure of Chinese nominal modifiers (quantifiers, determiners, adjectives, measure phrase, relative clause, etc.) may occur either before or after a modified noun. In most of the transformational studies of Chinese syntax (e.g. Cheng 1966; Hashimoto 1966; Mei 1972; Tai 1973; Teng 1974), it has been assumed that such NP's have the…
Descriptors: Adjectives, Chinese, Deep Structure, Form Classes (Languages)
Wali, Kashi – 1986
It is proposed that LF-movement in in-situ questions is not adequate to express the scope distinctions basic to the semantic interpretations of the direct and indirect question dichotomy in Marathi and Kashmiri, because this question type is more constrained in these languages than in languages like Chinese and Japanese. This theory is illustrated…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Grammar, Kashmiri, Linguistic Theory
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Moulton, William G. – 1976
This paper suggests that traditional syntax describes a sentence's syntactic structure, and that verb valence theory describes a sentence's semantic structure. According to this theory, a verb has a certain valence, or power to attract a certain number of "adjuncts." It is further shown that a given semantic structure can be converted into…
Descriptors: Case (Grammar), Contrastive Linguistics, Deep Structure, English
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