The development of continuing education for ministry shows a need for more growth and change in seminary training to meet the fundamental needs of the clergy and the laity. Recent changes since 1960 have resulted in three developments: (1) the need for continuing education for ministry has been recognized; (2) the increasing number in the variety…

Adults must continue to learn. The accelerating pace of cultural change has made today's knowledge and skills tomorrow's obsolescence. A society that makes its educational investment almost entirely in children and youth is on the way to becoming obsolete and is reducing its survival chances. To promote the cause of lifelong learning, we need to…

Methods that are based on teaching children are not appropriate for teaching adults. As early as 1929, the education literature contained references to successful teachers of adults as those who deviated from "sound" pedagogical practices. The work of Malcolm Knowles solidified the field of adult education and established the term…

Hospitals venturing into educational programming for older adults may do so with some trepidation, since older adults have a documentable poor record of participation. Therefore, this study examined the relative importance of previously identified motivational factors when an institution has no proven record in gerontological programming.…

Despite the abundance of information available regarding enrollment trends in higher education, few institutions are adequately prepared to offer educational experiences tailored for the newest phenomenon on campus, the adult part-time student. This group is expected to make up almost half of the undergraduate student body by 1992. Many of these…

Marketing is an essential part of conducting a continuing education program, but marketing consists of more than just promotion. According to Kotler, exchange is the central concept underlying marketing. Marketing involves understanding, planning, implementing, and controlling this exchange. The exchange situation contains all the elements of the…

A study was conducted to gather data that would provide a descriptive profile of educational, employment, and experiential backgrounds of full-time and part-time adult home economics teachers in Florida, with the intent of using the findings to design inservice activities to promote professional teacher development and more relevant programs for…

Two questions must be asked by educators when assessing their role: How should opportunity, access, and democratic intent be used to further the fullest development of each individual to the limits of his or her potential? How do our institutions, in particular, our schools, play a role in facilitating that development? These questions are…

A participatory approach to adult literacy education aims at getting the learner to function at the highest level of responsibility possible regarding program activities; it demands an active approach. Characteristics of a participatory literacy program include the following: activities that emphasize what learners already know, learners…

Over the past two decades, a growing interest in career development has integrated findings from the fields of management theory, organizational development, adult learning, and developmental psychology to form a new framework for personnel development. This depends to a large extent upon viewing individuals as capable of tremendous growth and…

Short-term adult residential education in Great Britain began as several experimental programs in the 1910s and began to be extensively developed in the mid-1940s. Great hopes were expressed that residential adult programs would become a key component in the adult education system and much was written about developing a unique mission and…

Noting that the Federal adult education program, Adult Performance Level Program (APL), only affects 1% of its target population, the author examines the program and concludes with seven major observations: (1) Increased attention should be given to the admonition, "Users of the instrument should have a general knowledge of the principles of…

As a part of its mandate for equal access to vocational training for special needs individuals, the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1984 stipulated that if disadvantaged individuals require separate programming to enable them to participate in vocational education, federal funds may be used to pay 50 percent of the cost…

Serious problems were posed by North American pioneer efforts to force their traditions on Eskimos, Indians, and Aleuts. Fortunately, other pioneers, such as home economists and district agents with the University of Alaska Cooperative Extension Service, responded to villagers' home and community needs. The University of Alaska also pioneered in…

After Botswana became independent of British rule in 1966, a series of five-year plans for economic development were written and put into action. Education was always seen by development planners as essential for development; by 1977, the government was promoting education for human resource development. Every child in the country was to be given…